From the roots of Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana, totally thirty-seven known compounds have been isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated based on their spectral analysis as well as comparison with authentic samples. These compounds were grouped to be fifteen triterpenoids, five steroids, two lignans, two flavonoids, nine phenolics, and four other aromatic derivatives. Their cytotoxicities toward two cell lines NUGC-3 and HONE-1 were also evaluated. zyl alcohol (31), 38 gallic acid (32), 39 ficusol (33), 40 2-hydroxy-6-pentadec-8(Z)-enylbenzoic acid (34), 41 5-formylmellein (35), 42 5-hydroxymethylmellein (36), 42 and alkyls caffeate (37). 43 When comparing the spectral data of 4 with those of 2 it was suggested 4 had the typical lupane skeleton except that the 1 H-NMR of 4 showed two methylene proton signals (H 2 -25) at d 3.71 (dd, J = 8.8, 1.6 Hz) and d 4.21 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.8 834