The blinding eye condition known as diabetic retinopathy (DR) is preventable and manageable. DR is becoming more common right now, and both prevention and therapy are extremely difficult. However, the precise mechanism of the association between DR and anxiety and depression has not yet been fully elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that DR is linked to negative psychology, and research on DR accompanied by anxiety and depression has also made some headway. In addition to offering fresh perspectives on the multi-factor regulation mechanism of DR, early detection and prevention, and bolstering diabetes health management, this paper examines the clinical, mechanism, and influencing aspects of DR and anxiety and depression in recent years.