A wide variety of different linear, diquaternary alkylammonium ions have been used as supplementary crystallization structure-directing agents (SDAs) in the synthesis of UZM-12, a high-silica version of zeolite erionite, via a charge density mismatch (CDM) approach. When tetraethylammonium is used as a CDM SDA, the crystallization of UZM-12 was found to be critically dependent not only on the type of alkali metal cations added as another crystallization SDA to the synthesis mixture, but also on the size of the groups on the diquaternary ammonium ion employed and the length of its central polymethylene chain that are closely related to the dimensions of cylindrical 23-hedral [4(12)6(5)8(6)] eri cages in this small-pore zeolite. (27)Al MQ MAS NMR measurements reveal a preferential location of Al on the high-multiplicity site over the lower-multiplicity site of the UZM-12 framework. The catalytic results from the methanol-to-olefin reaction over a series of H-UZM-12 zeolites with similar acidic properties but different crystallite sizes (100-2500 nm in length) demonstrate that the nanocrystallinity (probably the ≤100 nm range) may have a detrimental effect on the activity and stability for this reaction, probably due to the fast buildup of large coke molecules on the external surface of zeolite crystallites that inhibits the methanol diffusion to intrazeolitic acid sites, rendering them ultimately inaccessible for catalysis.

Since the first case of an epidemic viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection rapidly spread. The causative virus was a novel coronavirus and was named corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1,2]. With a high infectivity, COVID-19 spread worldwide, and as a response, the World Health Organization after all declared the infection a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 [3]. In South Korea, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 has risen progressively since the first confirmed case in

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation exposure and genetic predisposition are known to be the most important etiological factors. Multiple BCC is often associated with genetic familial conditions such as BCC syndrome, basal cell nevus syndrome. We present a case of 54-year-old female who had multiple BCC that had reoccurred. She was completely cured after receiving radio-chemotherapy for leukemia 16 years ago. She had multiple lesions (scalp, left thigh, right popliteal fossa, and right buttock), and had underwent wide excisions of all lesions. All biopsies revealed BCC. Six years later, she had also multiple lesions; left forehead, frontal vertex scalp, parietal vertex scalp, right occipital scalp, and lower abdomen. We performed wide excision. Histopathological examination revealed BCC. She had no signs of any BCC associated syndrome. We report a rare case of nonsyndromic multiple BCC that reoccurred at the new site.

Background Autologous fat grafts are commonly used in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, and various methods are used to improve their viability. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can enhance the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of various cell lines, including stem cells. Our study investigated and compared the effects of LLLT and the addition of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the viability of fat grafts.Methods Twenty nude mice were divided into four groups: control (group 1), LLLT irradiation (group 2), ADSC addition (group 3), and LLLT irradiation+ADSC addition (group 4). ADSCs were combined with the fat tissue. LLLT irradiation was performed once daily for 1 week from the day of grafting. After 8 weeks, the weight, volume, histology, and Western blot findings of the grafted fat tissues were evaluated.Results The retention rate and volume of the fat tissue in groups 2, 3, and 4 were higher than that of group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant. The number of capillaries, histological parameters, and immunofluorescence staining analyses for CD68, CD31, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed no significant differences among the four groups. The expression level of VEGF was higher in group 2 than in the other groups, but not to a statistically significant level.Conclusions LLLT and ADSCs did not significantly improve the viability of autologous fat grafts. Therefore, further study is necessary to develop safe and effective methods to improve the viability of these grafts for clinical application.