Este trabajo forma parte del Proyecto de Investigación, con código 2014 PINEF 00006 y ha sido realizado con el apoyo del programa de becas predoctorales del Instituto Nacional de Educación Física de Cataluña (PINEFC-2015). Agradecemos el apoyo dado por el INEFC en la realización de este estudio, puesto que, sin su cobijo, no se hubiera podido llevar a cabo con las mismas condiciones.Código UNESCO / UNESCO code: 6199 Otras especialidades psicológicas: Psicología del deporte/ Others: Sport Psychology Clasificación Consejo de Europa / Council of Europe classification: 15 Psicología del deporte/ Sport Psychology
The sports pyramid metaphor (trickle down and trickle up effect) has been used by several governments to justify their public investments in elite sport. The scientific evidence of this effect is fragmented, previous studies question their veracity. This study examines the effect of the sports pyramid metaphor in Spain. Using Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ), we tested for possible relationships between sporting success and the evolution of the federation membership history of 23 sports modalities during 1992-2016. According to results, three different groups of sports could be identified: 1) those that could be assumed to present both trickle down and up effects; 2) those with negative correlations between sporting success and membership figures; and 3) sports that do not show any relationships between those variables. As a conclusion, it is stated that there is no clear and generalized evidence to confirm the existence of the sport pyramid metaphor in Spain.
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Sport federations (NSFs) are the main promoters of sport at a national level. Their complex management involves coordinating relations with private entities, public administrations, and international organisations. Therefore, the economic situation of a country and its sport support policies have significant influences on the achievement of the NSFs’ objectives and, therefore, on their sustainability and influence on an active population. This study analyses the determinants of the financial performance of 59 Spanish sport federations (SSFs), 28 Olympic and 31 non-Olympic, based on the relationship between the funding received and their international results during the period from 2007 to 2019 (both years included). The preliminary data analysis included an examination of the missing data, and a t-test was used to compare Olympic and non-Olympic sport federations regarding different variables related to their resources and results. In addition, multiple linear regressions identified the possible predictors of the financing of sport federations and were separately performed for Olympic and non-Olympic federations. The results showed that SSFs were able to maintain their results in the face of decreasing resources. In addition, Olympic SSFs were found to be less dependent on public funding than non-Olympic SSFs for competitive results. This is evidence of a paradigm shift in the management of Spanish federated sports, evolving towards a model that is less dependent on the state, more efficient, and therefore more sustainable.
Siendo evidentes las problemáticas que se pueden derivar del incremento del número de eventos deportivos que se desarrollan en el medio natural y, especialmente, de aquellos que han evidenciado un notable incremento, como es el caso de las Carreras de Trail running y Marchas por montaña (impactos ambientales derivados de su práctica, consolidación de estos espacios como lugar de entrenamiento, masificación, etc.), es objeto de este artículo: 1) identificar el número, evolución y distribución territorial de la organización y desarrollo de Carreras de Trail running y Marchas por montaña en el territorio español, 2) estudiar el grado de incidencia de estos eventos sobre los diferentes Espacios Naturales Protegidos pertenecientes a Red Natura 2000 y 3) analizar algunas de las características principales de estos últimos. Mediante la sistematización y posterior georeferenciación de los 1901 eventos registrados en el año 2015, se llegó a identificar, en términos generales, un predominio de la tipología de carreras a pie, con una tasa de incremento interanual en los últimos cinco años en torno al 8%, y una distribución, en relación con las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas, muy hetereogénea. En términos específicos, y con un margen de error de +5%, un grado de incidencia global en torno al 86%. El mes de realización, el número de recorridos y la presión intra Comunidad, fueron algunas de las escasas características que se pudieron analizar en relación al conjunto de las 1624 Carreras de Trail running y Marchas por montaña que transcurren por algunos de los diferentes Espacios Naturales Protegidos incluidos en Red Natura 2000.
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