The study examined the Net Income and efficiency of resource use among cotton farmers in the southern part of Adamawa State where cotton is predominantly grown.One hundred and twenty farmers were sampled using multiple stages, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Analysis of the sampled farmers showed that 86% of them were youth which suggest that if proper attention is given to cotton cultivation, a lot of youth would be gainfully employed. The results also revealed that 40% of the farmers did not attend any formal school while 14% attended tertiary level of education. All the respondents reported having contact with extension workers, which were mostly from the Non Governmental Organisations. About 59% of the respondents reported Afcott Nigeria PLC as the source of their extension services. The average cost and returns per hectare of the cotton farmers was N46, 046.25 and N56, 224.90 respectively. This showed a profit of N10, 175.15 per hectare. The R 2 of 0.86 of the regression model shows that 86% of the farmers' income is being explained by the exogenous variables. Land, labour and seed have positive influence on farmers' income and the first two significant at 1% and 10% levels respectively. Fertiliser, chemical and transportation had negative influence on farmers' income probably due to their escalating prices. The marginal physical product analysis revealed that an extra hectare of land acquired for cotton will result to an increase of over one tonne of cotton ceteris paribus. None of the resources used by the farmers was however efficiently, utilized.

No abstract

This work is part of a research project about optimization of parametric bioclimatic design. We develop two bioclimatic indexes of heating and cooling for typical winter and summer days respectively, which are optimized by means of genetic algorithms (GA) [1]. The object is a high-rise building with multiple uses, located in a plot of urban land, according to Buenos Aires City Environmental Code [2]. The efficient envelope fulfils the Law of Thermal Conditioning in Buildings for Buenos Aires City and IRAM Standards 11604 [3] and 11659/1-2 [4]. After parameterizing the building geometry, we introduce solar thermal loads, transmission loads and internal loads. We employ our own climatic data from the Laboratory: hourly solar radiation and temperature. Then, we run the program consecutive times in order to obtain a set of solutions, which have equivalent energy performance but different spatial configuration. We utilize a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the process [5].Based on the results, we can analyze which variables influence the energy performance of the alternatives. This tool proves to be effective to design and optimize architectural solutions for a high-rise building, while giving the designer more options than traditional design method. We verify the hypothesis of the incidence of envelope geometry on energy demand by means of these new indexes. The calculations of these new indexes-B heat and B cool-let us evaluate simultaneously both parameters, providing a common basis of comparison: 24-hour energy demand of typical winter and summer days. We can affirm that energy efficient design cannot let apart summer condition for our bioclimatic zone (humid temperate) IIIb (IRAM 11603) [6]. Nevertheless, the above mentioned law in Buenos Aires Province only requires a minimum Gheat (IRAM 11604), taking into account only winter condition. The same happens with IRAM Standard 11900 about energy efficiency labelling.electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.

The author Lev Manovich is a Russian academic and digital culture thinker, well known in the digital arts and culture since the publication of his book The language of new media (2001) in which he develops an original approach to reflect on how new media and technology is intersecting different aspects of contemporary culture, drawing parallelisms with the developing of cinema in the 20th century, aesthetics and the translation to a numerical world, enunciating a systematic and rigorous approach to understanding new media...

No abstract