Two isolations of fungi from a bank of microorganisms in the Biological Sciences Laboratory at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo were tested on the galling caused by Meloidogyne incognita in tomato seedlings grown in pots with substrate infested with a suspension of nematodes, with approximately 2000 juvenile stages (J2) from root galls of plants infested with M. incognita, taken from the Nematology laboratory of the Ecuadorian Agricultural Quality Assurance Agency (AGROCALIDAD). Pleurotus ostreatus was a fungus with nematicidal characteristics through production of toxins; while Trichoderma harzianum is a widely known fungus, although it is a plant growth promoter rather than a nematicide. The two fungi were formulated in wheat straw and rabbit manure. A complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used, with a chemical control (Fenamiphos) and an absolute control. Five grams of each formulation was applied per plant before the transplant. The number of galls in the roots, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and roots of 180 tomato plants grown in greenhouse were evaluated at 60 days after transplant. The results showed that the two fungi reduced the number of galls and made it possible to obtain dry weights of the aerial and radicular part very close to the chemical control (10.09 and 3.39 g) with 8.68; 8.04; 2.96 and 3.25 g respectively. Besides Trichoderma harzianum proved to be a good promoter of root growth, therefore, the use of these bioformulates is a promising measure for the control of this phytonematode
Este artículo expone un acercamiento a la prospectiva de la movilidad ocupacional de los pescadores artesanales del Ecuador ante el cambio de la matriz productiva del país, al mejoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo en sus puertos pequeros artesanales y al apoyo al sector pesquero artesanal, a través de un análisis cuantitativo de sus aspiraciones y expectativas ocupacionales. La metodología que se consideró es el uso de datos secundarios recolectados a través de una encuesta administrada a 392 pescadores en los cinco principales puertos pesqueros artesanales del Ecuador, Puerto Aconcito y Santa Rosa de la provincia de Santa Elena, Puerto Jaramijo y San Mateo de la provincia d,e Manabí y Puerto La Poza de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. Los resultados indican que existe un componente de identidad que define las pautas sobre la ocupacionalidad de los pescadores en términos de sus aspiraciones ocupacionales y de las expectativas que los pescadores proyectan para sí mismos y a sus hijos. A un nivel subjetivo, la dimensión tradicional del oficio de pescador artesanal se ejemplifica en la importancia que tiene el trabajo como eje constituyente de la identidad de los individuos, en la permanencia en el sector, en la transmisión intergeneracional del oficio, en la creación de empresas familiares en torno a la pesca y en la negación a cambiar de ocupación.
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