The objective of this paper is to propose the methodology for the implementation of strategic plans in organizations through the prevention and, in its case, the definition and solution of the problems that frequently affect the implementation processes with many negative manifestations and harmful consequences. By elaborating the concept of implementation under the systems  approach and cybernetic paradigm, two  types of these problems have been identified: the organizational and the functional ones. The consequent analysis of each kind of them has permitted the development of a methodology for their prevention, identification and solution to assure an effective and efficient implementation process. This methodology consists in realizing five subsequent procedures, which were validated with positive results obtained through their virtual application to the different cases of manifestations with the negative consequences that had occurred during strategic plans implementations described in literature.

INTRODUCTION: This paper studies the problem of choosing the location of motorcycle ambulance bases in Mexico City, seeking to have an effective response to traffic accidents. In order to quickly attend the requirements of the attention of accidents, it is desirable to have as much infrastructure as possible. However, this implies high costs.OBJECTIVES: This document addresses the problem of locating ambulance bases and determining the number of emergency vehicles in order to respond effectively to traffic accidents. METHODS:The problem considers criteria that imply two levels of decision that control the installation of the bases and the deployment of ambulances, respectively. The decision on the location leads the hierarchical process and decides the installation of bases considering the costs associated with the opening. Deployment of ambulances, which is the next in the decision process, is responsible for assigning the accidents that will be attended to by the units. With both decisions involved, we suggest a two-level program to model the problem. The model is solved through an algorithm based on the decomposition of Benders. RESULTS: We formulated the problem as a bi-level programming problem. The model was used to locate ambulance bases in Mexico City. In solving the model, We identified five bases to cover 95% of the city's accidents.CONCLUSIONS: We developed a model to locate motorcycle ambulance bases and obtained a proposal for the allocation of services. We proposed a bi-level programming model that is a good approach to solving the problem since it considers two decisions that are made hierarchically. The goal was to minimize the total cost associated with installed bases and patient care.

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Industry 4.0 is facing a fast-development in its technologies, automatizing and restructuring processes in order to make them datadriven. However, its uses are not exclusive for the industry as its name suggests, since it can be be extended to health sector. In the next decade, the Digital Twin (a digital replica of a physical asset) is going to face a spread into mainstream market due to its potential applications in the healthcare sector, such as a 24/7 monitoring of the evolution of cancer and its treatment, a heart based on cloud-computing, an even receive medical treatment that adapts to every person. But before seeing this as a reality, there are several obstacles that the researchers need to overcome for the proposed Digital Twins to reach its full-potential.

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