Introduction: University nursing students are considered a risk group and vulnerable to tobacco and alcohol consumption. The study of the prevalence and type of tobacco and alcohol consumption will allow describing and better understanding the situation of this population. Objective: To determine the prevalence and type of tobacco and alcohol consumption in university nursing students of a public institution in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in a population of 86 students was done. Personal characteristics, tobacco and alcohol consumption were investigated through a personal data card, a questionnaire on tobacco consumption and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: The period prevalence of tobacco consumption was 50%. Among tobacco users, 93.02% reported a slight consumption. The period prevalence of alcohol consumption was 77.9%. Among consumers of alcohol, 31.3% reported sensible consumption, 24.4% dependent and 22.0% harmful. Conclusion: Nursing university students evidenced an alarming prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption; however, the type of consumption is low risk. Therefore, there is a need to implement preventive interventions and health control in the university context.