We studied the conservation status of Atlantic forest birds in 43 forest fragments ranging in size from 1 to 384 ha in the Viçosa region of southeastern Brazil. We compared data from 15 years of field work with historical records from the region, mainly originating from specimens collected by João Moojen during the 1930s. We used published studies associated with museum data and current field work to assess the decline of forest birds during the last 70 years and to relate their disappearance to forest fragmentation and destruction. At least 28 bird species have become locally extinct, 43 are critically endangered, and 25 are vulnerable, representing 60.7% of the original forest bird community known to exist in the region. Vulnerability to fragmentation differed among guilds, forest strata, and endemicity status. Birds that feed on fruit and seeds, and those that feed on insects, were more threatened than omnivores and carnivores. Nectarivorous species were less threatened than other guilds. Moreover, terrestrial and understory birds or birds using only one forest stratum also were more likely to have been threatened. Finally, Atlantic forest endemics were more likely to have become extinct than nonendemic species. In general, sensitivity to environmental disturbance at the local level was similar to the predicted vulnerability to regional disturbance derived from the literature. Our results indicate that a serious decline of Atlantic forest birds is underway and that many other species of birds, not previously recognized as threatened, are of conservation concern.Resumen: Estudiamos el estado de conservación de aves de bosque atlántico en 43 fragmentos de 1 a 384 ha en la Región Viçosa, al sureste de Brasil. Comparamos datos de 15 años de trabajo de campo con registros históricos de la región, principalmente de especimenes colectados por João Moojen durante la década de los años 30. Utilizamos estudios publicados asociados con datos de museo y de trabajo de campo reciente para analizar la disminuición de aves de bosque durante losúltimos 70 años y para relacionar su desaparición con la fragmentación y destrucción del bosque. Se han extinguido por lo menos 28 especies de aves localmente, 43 están críticamente en peligro y 25 son vulnerables, lo cual representa el 60,7% de la comunidad de aves de bosque conocida para la región. La vulnerabilidad a la fragmentación fue diferente entre gremios, estratos de bosque y estado de endemismo. Las aves que se alimentan de frutos y semillas y aquéllas que se alimentan de insectos están más amenazadas que las omnívoras y carnívoras. Las especies nectarívoras están menos amenazadas que otros gremios. Más aun, las aves terrestres y de sotobosque o las que utilizan sólo un estrato del bosque también tienen mayor probabilidad de estar amenazadas. Finalmente, las aves endémicas al bosque atlántico tienen mayor probabilidad de extinción que las no endémicas. En general, la sensibilidad a la perturbación ambiental a nivel local fue similar a la vulnerabilidad a la perturbación regio...

O presente trabalho divulga a composição da comunidade de aves no Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (PEFG), Vitória, Espírito Santo, com base em levantamentos de campo realizados entre janeiro e dezembro de 2003. Com um esforço de campo em torno de 450 horas, obtivemos um total de 120 espécies, distribuídas em 37 famílias. Pelo método Jackknife 1, estimou-se uma riqueza de 146 espécies (129 < IC(95%) < 163), sem que, entretanto, a curva de acumulação de espécies tenha atingido a sua assíntota. Entre as espécies registradas na área de estudo, quatro são endemismos da Mata Atlântica brasileira (Leucopternis lacernulatus, Phaethornis idaliae, Thamnophilus ambiguus e Attila rufus), sendo que uma delas (L. lacernulatus) inclui-se na lista oficial da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção. A comparação entre os três métodos básicos utilizados no inventário das espécies (auditivo, visual e captura em redes) indicou que o método visual responsabilizou-se pela detecção de um número significativamente maior de espécies (x² = 17,55; g.l. = 2; p < 5%), com um total de 103 espécies assinaladas (86% do total registrado), 26 (22%) das quais registradas exclusivamente por esse método. Tal resultado foi relacionado com a predominância de espécies de paisagens abertas, associada ao tempo de campo empregado por esse estudo.

We provide the first record of Leptodactylus cupreus out of its type locality, as well the first record of this species in the State of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The record of Leptodactylus cupreus from municipality Santa Teresa extends in approximately 220 km to the northeastern of its geographic distribution and establishes the inferior limit of 800 m in its altitudinal distribution in the Serra da Mantiqueira.

Scinax belloni was recently described from the surroundings of the Forno Grande State Park, municipality of Castelo, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The present study describes the advertisement call of Scinax belloni based on recordings obtained in the type locality of the species, between 06th and 10th of January 2010. Three adult specimens were recorded in Rupicolous bromeliads (Alcantarea sp.). The call presents duration from 0,62 to 0,11s, and consists of 2 to 3 multi-pulsed notes. The frequency spectrum varies from 1.723 to 5.275 Hz, with the dominant frequency emitted on 3.078 Hz. The acoustic parameters differ from the data available for S. perpusillus, S. arduous and S. Peixotoi, emphasizing the value of the advertisement calls as diagnostic character among species of the Scinax perspusillus group.

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