T he aim of this study is to assess the dynamics and processes of change that have occurred in the municipality of Amanalco de Becerra, State of Mexico, through the construction of a spatially explanatory model of land use/cover changes (LUCC). The modeling process was carried out using DINAMICA EGO, a mapping tool. Land use/cover maps for the years 1989, 1997 and 2009, as well as various explanatory physical-geographical, environmental and land tenure proximity variables, were used as map inputs. The LUCC for 2020 were modelled under two scenarios: 1) the trend model, which assumes that the annual change rates for the period 1997-2009 remain unaltered, and 2) the agropastoral model, which assumes that annual deforestation rates increase because of the establishment and development of farming activities. The analysis of the absolute values of the forest category, for each year, shows a trend towards the loss of forest cover; by contrast, the annual rates of change in the forest category show a trend towards recovery-revegetation-reforestation processes, as a result of the implementation of government environmental programs. ResumenE l presente estudio tiene como propósito evaluar la dinámica y los procesos de transformación ocurridos en el municipio de Amanalco de Becerra, Estado de México, mediante la construcción de un modelo espacialmente explicativo de cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo (CCUS). El proceso de modelado se realizó con la herramienta DINAMICA EGO, utilizando como insumos cartográficos los mapas de uso de suelo y vegetación de los años 1989, 1997 y 2009, y algunas variables explicativas de proximidad, físico-geográficas, ambientales y de explotación de la tierra. Los CCUS se modelaron para el año 2020 bajo dos escenarios: tendencial y agropastoril. El escenario tendencial supone que las tasas anuales de cambio del periodo 1997-2009 se mantienen, mientras que el agropastoril presume que las tasas anuales de deforestación aumentan a causa de la apertura, establecimiento y desarrollo de actividades agropecuarias. El análisis de los valores absolutos de la categoría bosque, para cada año, muestra tendencia hacia la pérdida de la cobertura forestal; por lo contrario, las tasas anuales de cambio de esta misma cobertura tienden hacia procesos relacionados con la recuperación-revegetación-reforestación, producto de la implementación de programas ambientales gubernamentales. Palabras clave: DINÁMICA EGO, Tasas de cambio, modelo espacial.
The present document describes the experience of using a Geography Information System (GIS) tool to map the spatial distribution of the population of the State of Mexico, Mexico, for 2010. Prior to the development of the experience, dif- ferent projects, tools and products, which offered cartographic representations of the population, were presented, se- lecting one that was developed to function in Idrisi Taiga GIS. Likewise, the GIS tool and the process followed to apply it to a case study in the State of Mexico are described. The result is a raster image that shows the distribution of the population on the analyzed state, offering the possibility to identify the zones where the population concentrates and disperses and to produce an opinion from a geographic point of view on what the origin of these distribution patterns is. Among the conclusions from the analysis of results, distinguishable are the applications that the obtained image can have; for instance, the population can be estimated by basins or risk zones by only adding the values of the cells inside these zones. It is also concluded that the degree of detail expressed by the spatial distribution image of the population will depend on several factors, among them the scale and resolution of the input information and the resolution fixed for the output information
ResumenEste trabajo tuvo como objetivo documentar, caracterizar y analizar los componentes, función e importancia de los sistemas de terrazas agrícolas en cinco comunidades del Valle de Toluca, con el propósito de conocer la distribución geográ-fica y situación actual de estos sistemas mesoamericanos. En la investigación se utilizaron métodos antropológicos, como el etnográfico, recorridos de área, entrevistas y observación directa, además del uso de GPS. Los datos obtenidos se representaron cartográficamente a través del software Arc Map 10, lo que permitió hacer un análisis espacial de estos sistemas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias entre los componentes de las terrazas de las cinco comunidades. Las más destacadas son la forma de construcción de los muros, la presencia o ausencia de zanjas, la existencia de vegetación arbustiva y arbórea, y el cultivo de maíz. El acervo cultural y el conocimiento del ambiente por parte de los campesinos coadyuvan al manejo del suelo, agua, vegetación y las condiciones topográficas, para producir alimentos destinados a la subsistencia familiar y para los mercados nacionales.Palabras clave: ambiente, campesinos, cultivos, terrazas agrícolas, IntRoduccIón E l valle de Toluca es una región importante para los estudios arqueológicos, históricos y contemporáneos acerca de los asentamientos humanos, el manejo de los recursos lacustres, la disputa por la tierra, el cambio en el modo de vida de los habitantes, el impacto del desarrollo industrial, las políticas hidráulicas, la desecación de las lagunas AbstRActThis study had the objective of documenting, characterizing and analyzing the components, function and importance of agricultural terrace systems in five communities of Valle de Toluca, with the purpose of understanding the geographic distribution and current situation of these Mesoamerican systems. Anthropological methods were used for the research, such as ethnography, visits to the area, interviews and direct observation, in addition to the use of GPS. The data obtained were represented in cartography through the use of the Arc Map 10 software, which allowed making a spatial analysis of these systems. The results obtained show differences in the components of terraces from the five communities. The most outstanding are the way walls are built, the presence or absence of ditches, the existence of shrub and tree vegetation, and maize cultivation. The cultural heritage and environmental knowledge of peasants contributes to the soil, water and plant management, as do the topographic conditions, to produce food destined for family subsistence and national markets.
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