RESUMENFundamentos: La importancia de la detección temprana del autismo mejora el pronóstico de niños con alteraciones en el desarrollo, en especial con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA). El objetivo de este trabajo es delimitar a qué edad surgen las primeras sospechas de un trastorno del espectro autista, a qué profesionales recurren las familias, la demora en confirmar el diagnóstico y la celeridad en la respuesta de los profesionales de la pediatría. Método:Estudio transversal retrospectivo llevado a cabo en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias durante el año 2010. Se solicitó la colaboración voluntaria de las asociaciones y familias que recibían tratamiento en centros especializados. Se recogieron 72 cuestionarios para familias de personas con autismo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de frecuencias mediante el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics 19.Resultados: En el 79% de los casos fue la propia familia quien tuvo las primeras sospechas de que algo no iba bien en el desarrollo de los niños, seguida de los profesionales de la educación (15%) y la sanidad (pediatras: 4% y psicólogos: 2%). El 69% recibieron el primer diagnós-tico durante los 3 primeros años, el 32% antes de los dos años. La demora diagnóstica se situó en 16 meses.Conclusiones: La mayoría de los padres de niños con TEA son conscientes de alteraciones en el desarrollo de sus hijos alrededor de los 18 meses. Se confirmó la tendencia a disminuir el tiempo de respuesta de los profesionales de la sanidad. Background: The importance of early detection in order to improve the prognosis of children with developmental disorders, especially autism spectrum disorders (ASD), has been widely proven, clearly followed by the corresponding intervention. The aim of this work is to define the age at which the first signs of an autism spectrum disorder show up, the professionals that families go to, as well as delays confirming a diagnosis and the celerity offered by paediatricians.Method: A transversal, retrospective study carried out in 2010 in the Canary Islands. The voluntary cooperation of family associations, and families that received treatment in specialized centres was requested. 72 "Questionnaires for families of people with autism" were gathered. A descriptive analysis of frequencies was carried out, using the statistics programme SPSS Statistics 19.Results: In 79% of the cases it was the family who first suspected there was something wrong with the children's development, followed by teachers (15%) and health care staff (pediatricians 4% and psychologists, 2%). 69% of the children were first diagnosed before turning 3 years of age, 32% of them were diagnosed even before turning two years of age. The delay regarding diagnosis in the Canary Islands circa 16 months. Conclusions:Most parents of children with ASD were aware of the developmental disorders that their children were experiencing at around 18 months of age. A tendency to a faster response time by health care professionals was confirmed.
On the other side, it has been proved that this group of people present low qualifications, employability and incomes. Moreover, their life satisfaction is also very low. The results are discussed with regards to previous research and legislative initiatives which are implemented in order to cater for this group. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: acolhimento residencial exprotegidos passagem para a vida adulta inclusão social satisfação com a vida RESUMO: A necessidade de prestar atenção aos jovens ex-acolhidos recebeu reconhecimento no nível legislativo, dado que a evidência empírica veio mostrar que se trata de um grupo com alto risco de exclusão social. O objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o conhecimento sobre inclusão social e satisfação com a vida de jovens que abandonaram os recursos de acolhimento residenciais e atingiram a maioridade. Para tal, foram conduzidas entrevistas telefónicas com 117 jovens em atendimento residencial e que na época do estudo tinham entre 18 e 26 anos de idade. Os resultados indicam que a maioria deles retorna com a família da qual foram separados, sendo esta a principal fonte de apoio. Por outro lado, verifica-se que é um grupo com baixa qualificação, com baixa inserção laboral e, geralmente, com rendimentos muito baixos. Além disso, eles têm um baixo nível de satisfação com a vida. Esses resultados são discutidos em relação com investigações anteriores assim como com as iniciativas legislativas que se implementaram no que diz respeito ao atendimento deste coletivo.
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