This paper analyzes the monthly evolution of bank competition in Mexico from 2008 to 2019 using different measures. Subsequently, we analyze whether the 2014 financial reform had an effect on some of our competition measures. We use ordinary and quantile regression techniques and Markov switching models to identify changes in regimes. We find partial empirical evidence supporting the idea that the reform had a positive average effect and increased banks competition intensity during a few years. However, we also document heterogeneity as some large banks benefited from an increase in their market power. We perform several robustness tests and report that our measures lead to values that are congruent and similar to those available in the literature. The main policy lesson of our research is that regulators could benefit from the monitoring of competition evolution using a finer time frequency.
Este documento evalúa el vínculo entre las medidas de competencia bancaria y los indicadores de riesgo utilizando datos trimestrales de exposiciones interbancarias para todos los bancos en México durante el periodo de 2008T1 a 2019T1. La literatura clásica se centra en clarificar el vínculo entre la competencia y el riesgo de solvencia de los bancos individuales. En esta investigación, se avanza analizando la relación entre competencia y riesgo sistémico. Se utilizan indicadores contrafactuales de riesgo de contagio como proxy de riesgo sistémico para estudiar su relación con medidas tradicionales de competencia. El principal hallazgo es que existe una relación negativa entre el índice de Lerner a nivel de banco y el riesgo sistémico. Esto significa que un incremento en la competencia se asocia con un incremento del riesgo sistémico. Además, se encuentra que la implementación de la reforma regulatoria durante el periodo de estudio no afecta esta relación.
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