Os estudos de ecologia da paisagem a partir de métricas utilizando geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto são importantes tecnologias para avaliar as condições dos remanescentes florestais nativos, principalmente em biomas fragmentados e com alta taxa de desmatamento como a Caatinga. Este trabalho objetivou descrever a estrutura da paisagem florestal no município de Ribeira do Pombal, BA, por meio de índices métricos da paisagem. Utilizou-se uma imagem do satélite Landsat-8 OLI para a determinação do uso do solo e dos fragmentos florestais. Para o cálculo das métricas da paisagem, foi utilizado o software Fragstats 4.2®. Mesmo em uma matriz com alto percentual de pastagens, predominam na paisagem fragmentos de caatinga aberta e densa de tamanhos médio e grande, com grande proximidade e conectividade. O reflorestamento e enriquecimento dos fragmentos muito pequenos da caatinga aberta podem contribuir para serem utilizados como corredores. O grande percentual de fragmentos maiores que 100 ha garante diversidade florística e resiliência da caatinga densa no município de Ribeira do Pombal, BA.
The aim of the present study was to determine the beekeeping potential of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) based on flowering strategy, floral characteristics, available floral resources, and the individuals frequencies and foraging activities of Apis mellifera L. on its flowers in Fazenda Ingazeira, Brazil. Each C. heliotropiifolius plant possessed inconspicuous diclinous flowers clustered into 560 ± 60 dense terminal inflorescences containing 59 ± 12 pistillate and 160 ± 26 staminate flowers. Although both types of flowers produced nectar (pistillate: 2.8 ± 0.8 μL ; staminate: 0.3 ± 0.06 μL ), A. mellifera workers mostly visited staminate flowers (98%) during the peak visitation period (08:00-11:00 h). Moreover, during the foraging period, each plant produced approximately 5.376 × 10 8 pollen grains, ensuring approximately 33 visitation cycles from a colony of A mellifera workers that picked up an average of 405 pollen grains per visit per flower. Further, C. heliotropiifolius showed an annual cornucopia flowering strategy with high flower production for five months, which is an important characteristic that ensures floral resource availability in the environment. These findings suggest that C. heliotropiifolius has a great potential for apiculture in this region.
The present work was carried out as the objective of analyzing the susceptibility to desertification of the micro region of Ribeira do Pombal in Bahia. Currently the vegetative cover of the micro-region comprises 35% of its original formation with the largest remnants of Caatinga located in the municipalities of Itapicuru and Ribeira do Amparo. By the General Index of Environmental Degradation (IGD), the micro-region is at a fairly high level of degradation, with the highest IGD in the municipalities of Adustina and Paripiranga (0.21 <IGD <0.30). And Antas, Cipó and Nova Soure as the minors (IGD <0,10). By the Aridity Index (IA) and Incidence Index of Drought (IIS), the different types and levels of environmental degradation, the thermal instability, the low and irregular rainfall in the micro region of Ribeira do Pombal, more than 90% of the micro-region is susceptible to moderate desertification, especially the municipalities of Ribeira do Pombal, Banzaê, Cicero Dantas, Novo Triunfo and Antas.
Os estudos em sementes florestais, especificamente de biometria, são essenciais para o conhecimento das espécies e podem ter aplicação para a conservação, produção de mudas, reflorestamento e melhoramento genético. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a caracterização biométrica de sementes de Byrsonima verbascifolia procedentes do município de Euclides da Cunha, região do semiárido do estado da Bahia. As sementes foram obtidas de diferentes matrizes no município de Euclides da Cunha, Bahia, sendo obtidos os valores de comprimento, largura e espessura (cm), peso (g), peso de mil sementes (g) e número de sementes por kg. Observou-se a média de 0,83 cm de comprimento, 0,9 cm de largura, 0,88 cm de espessura, e massa específica de 0,66 g, peso de mil sementes de 335,47 g e 2.981,26 sementes por kg. O estudo permitiu caracterizar biometricamente as sementes de Byrsonima verbascifolia, contribuindo para o conhecimento e a divulgação da espécie que é de ocorrência da região semiárida do estado da Bahia, servindo de base para ampliar novos estudos científicos.
The study of spatial distribution of tree populations has proven to be important for revealing how individuals are horizontally organized in the environment, facilitating the structural understanding and forms of colonization and dispersion of propagules. The present work aimed at studying the pattern of spatial distribution of tree species Copaiferaarenicola [(Ducke) J. Costa e L.P.Queiroz] and its structural relation with the altimetric profile in a Caatinga fragment in Ribeira do Pombal municipality, Bahia. Census of all individuals in the area with circumference at breast height (CBH) ≥ 6 cm was performed. The spatial distribution analysis was conducted for the whole population using Ripley K univariate function, with maximum search radius (h) of 128 m. 409 individuals were found, corresponding to absolute density of 89.49 ind. ha-1 and 0.681 m². ha-1 of basal area. The group of C. arenicola individuals corresponds to a stable population in expansion phase, presenting higher number of young and medium individuals. The pattern of spatial distribution of individuals in the area under study was the uniform arrangement. None of the altimetric classes of the area had a different influence on the structure and distribution of arboreal individuals.
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