Non-elective repair was associated with a six to sevenfold increase in mortality and longer length of stay. Earlier elective repair of paraesophageal hernia may reduce mortality.

No abstract

The local inflammatory reaction to NOTES was similar to that with traditional laparoscopy, and the previously described late-phase systemic TNF-alpha depression in serum was not reproduced. At the peritoneal level, NOTES is no more physiologically stressful than laparoscopy. Furthermore, regardless of which gas was used, the role of the pneumoperitoneum agent did not affect the cytokine profile after NOTES, suggesting that air pneumoperitoneum is adequate for NOTES.

Percutaneous drainage followed by antibiotic irrigation is a potential alternative to prosthetic removal when treating infected mesh in carefully selected patients.