The Most Prescribed Medicines In The Health Facilities Are Antibiotics, And Their Unethical Prescription And Empirical Use Are Factors That Promote Irrational Use And The Spread Of Antibiotics Resistance. The Objective Of This Study Was To Assess Antibiotic Prescription Patterns As A Predisposing Factor To Antibiotics Resistance In Kwara South Senatorial District Of Nigeria. A Cross-Sectional Study Was Carried Out From September 2020 To January 2021 In 4 Randomly Selected Government And Private Hospitals. The WHO Questionnaire On Antibiotic Resistance Prevalence Survey Was Modified And Administered To 442 Patients On Antibiotics To Collect Data, And IBM/SPSS Version 23 Was Used For Analysis. A Total Of 891 Antibiotics Were Prescribed In 442 Prescriptions. The Average Number Of Antibiotics Per Prescription Was Approximately 2.0. Metronidazole (44.6%) Was The Most Prescribed Antibiotics, Followed By Ceftriaxone (41%), And Gastro-Intestinal Tract Infection Was Most (17,6%) Common Indication. Irrational Prescribing Accounted For 22.4% And Most Of The Antibiotics Prescribed Were In The Watch Group Of WHO Categorization With High Potential For Resistance. Prescription In Trade Name Was 57.9%. Parenteral Route (54.8%) Was Most Reported Route Of Administration. The Most Common Treatment Type Was Empirical Treatment (83.3%). Association Between Age And Empirical Treatment Type Was Statistically Significant With P-Value Of 0.02. Empirical Treatment Occurred In Infant And Young Child Irrespective Of The Gender Of Child. There Was Irrational Use Of Antibiotics In Secondary Care Facilities In This Study. Antibiotic Stewardship Program Is Recommended For Secondary Health Care Facilities In Kwara Senatorial District.

No abstract

A major concern in public health is Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. There are several organisms developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics in different locations and time. This study assessed patterns of antibiotic resistance in line with the WHO classification of antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2020 to January 2021 in 4 randomly selected hospitals. Of all 442 patients recruited for this study, twenty-seven percent (122) were randomly selected for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. The most predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance by Staphylococcus aureus was noted against Amoxicillin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Gentamicin, and Cefuroxime. Resistance by E. coli against Chloramphenicol 80%, cefuroxime 100%, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 83.3%, Resistance by Klebsiella spp; against Ampicillin Second and third-generation cephalosporin and Gentamicin 100%. Resistance by Streptococcus spp; Ampicillin 100% and Ampicillin cloxacillin 100%, cefuroxime 100%, and Ciprofloxacin 100%. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were active against Salmonella species, Pseudomonas species, klebsiella, and Escherichia coli. Azithromycin, imipenem, and meropenem with high susceptibility to local bacterial isolates sample tested. The access group antibiotics showed a low susceptibility rate to local bacteria isolate with increase resistance to the watch group. Antibiogram was developed to guide empirical treatment type that is predominant in the district. Most bacteria isolated from health facilities in Kwara South were resistant to the access group. The resistance to watch a group of WHO antibiotics classification is building very fast. Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Empirical Treatment, Susceptible.