This article explores the implication of urban expansion on shared natural resources and livelihoods in peri-urban areas of Wa municipality of Northwestern Ghana using mainly qualitative research methods. The study shows that rapid urban expansion is the main driver of the depletion of shea trees and livelihood transformation of the people living in these hitherto rural areas. Peri-urbanization manifests in many forms including the clearing of shea trees to make way for sand/stone mining and residential housing. The lumbering of shea trees for charcoal making and fuelwood to meet urban energy demands and the breakdown of traditional customary laws and the non-existence of land use plans in these areas are further factors behind the depletion of shea trees. The study concludes that peri-urbanization of Wa and its rural surroundings is not producing the desired transformations in livelihood, but rather poses an enormous challenge for the use and management of shea trees for the population whose livelihoods depend on them. Drawing on these processes and recognition of trade-offs between objectives, uses and users, relevant policy options are recommended.

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