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This study was undertaken to evaluate the colorimetric MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay as a means of testing the sensitivity of gliomas to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Eight human glioma established cell lines were plated in 96-well tissue culture plates and incubated for 4 days with 10 different anti-cancer agents; 5 different concentrations of each drug were tested. The MTT dye was then added to the wells, and the resulting formazan precipitate was solubilized with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The spectrophotometric absorbance (measured at 570 nm) of control and experimental wells was used to calculate the cytotoxicity index (CI). Values with a CI greater than 50% growth inhibition indicated cytotoxic efficacy (sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug). Six of the seven (85.7%) glioma cell lines were highly sensitive at varying concentrations to mitomycin C, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Four of the seven (57.1%) cell lines demonstrated intermediate sensitivity to mitoxantrone and vinblastine. Five of the seven (71.4%) cell lines exhibited resistance to etoposide, bleomycin, cosmegen, and BCNU. One of the cell lines tested, U-138MG, failed to produce the MTT formazan precipitate, so that the sensitivity of this cell line to the panel chemotherapeutic drugs could not be determined. The variability of the results indicates the need for an in vitro screening method to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical and experimental chemotherapeutic agents. The MTT assay provides a rapid method of screening antineoplastic agents against gliomas for cytotoxicity.

Merger and acquisition (M&A) activity is predominantly driven by a rational‐economic model. A growing body of evidence suggests that M&A outcomes also depend on sociocultural dynamics, especially perceived cultural compatibility. The issue of perceived cultural compatibility, and the emergence and acceptance of a new organizational culture and integrated managerial style are particularly critical to long‐term success. When the M&A is performed at an international level, then the dynamics are complicated by differences in national cultures and associated managerial styles. This article reports on a study to establish whether different national managerial groups (n=480) have similar/dissimilar attitudinal preferences towards strategic alliances with foreign partners. These preferences are then considered in the context of current patterns of actual activity.

The authors describe the Substance Information Program, a university alcohol and other drug (AOD) assessment and intervention program. The Substance Information Program is housed in a counseling department's on-site training and research clinic and gives counselors-in-training an opportunity to gain practical addictions training.Existing literature clearly demonstrates the frequency and negative consequences of alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse by college students (Abbey

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