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While Hosea's marriage has often been read in terms of an analogy of action, so that the ‘whoring’ of Israel parallels the whoring of Gomer, this article argues that the analogy rests on a status of shame. Yahweh commands Hosea to take on the shameful status of being married to a whoring wife. Hosea thereby embodies Yahweh's shameful status in being bound to Israel. By noting this we are able to understand the paucity of details that leave commentators puzzled and to reckon with the marriage statements as they stand. The restoration of Israel and Hosea's second marriage are then understood as embodying Yahweh's embrace of the shameful status for the sake of his love (covenant devotion) towards Israel.

Background The successful implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be prevented by anatomical variations that preclude the delivery of clinically effective left ventricular (LV) pacing from within the coronary sinus (CS) or its tributaries. Failure of lead delivery, suboptimal LV capture thresholds, or intractable phrenic nerve capture with accompanying diaphragmatic twitch is often encountered. Commonly employed alternative approaches to LV lead delivery, including epicardial, trans-septal, or transapical pacing are associated with significant morbidity. Case summary A 74-year-old man with ischaemic heart disease, prior mitral valve repair, long-standing atrial fibrillation, and severe symptomatic LV systolic dysfunction, underwent single chamber pacemaker upgrade to a CRT defibrillator. It was found not to be possible to place a CS lead during the procedure. Biventricular pacing was accomplished by the delivery of a pacing lead through the left inferior phrenic vein (LIPV). Satisfactory LV capture thresholds were obtained with the avoidance of clinically significant diaphragmatic stimulation. Following implantation, a marked clinical response to treatment was observed with improvement in both heart failure symptoms and LV ejection fraction. Discussion The LIPV is known to drain into the inferior vena cava in around one-third of examined subjects. In these individuals, LV lead delivery through the LIPV may provide an alternate route for the delivery of resynchronization therapy. This approach to the implantation of CRT may be considered when pacing via the CS or its branches are not achievable.

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While often translated to describe the current living situation of the woman whom Hosea is to marry, the grammar of Hos 3:1a properly describes her current status based upon past actions.