No abstract

Violence against children is included in the highest cases of human rights violations during the Covid-19 pandemic. It will affect and has affected the lives of children throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. Children are a vulnerable group who need special protection during this pandemic because, during the pandemic, cases of violence against children are now shifting from the home. Indonesia has ratified the United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child (UNCRC 1989) through Presidential Decree Number 36 of 1990, in which the formation of national legislation, Indonesia must use the same principles based on the convention. The actualization of national law has been repeatedly launched to eliminate violence against children in Indonesia. The problem formulation of this research is how to eliminate violence against children in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child (UNCRC 1989). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the state's responsibility in realizing the elimination of violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the 1989 UNCRC. This research is an empirical descriptive study. The study results show that the 1989 UNCRC has been implemented into Law Number 35 of 2014 as a form of state obligations and responsibilities. In this case, efforts to protect, recover, prevent, and eliminate violence against children in Indonesia, especially in Makassar, have not been appropriately fulfilled and are ineffective yet. This is evident from the lack of legal counseling, and the provision of legal assistance for child victims of violence has not been optimal. Hence, many children still do not get their right to feel safe and protected during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is the responsibility of all stakeholders to increase productivity, human resources, and implementation of the 1989 UNCRC to realize the elimination of child violence in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT:-The transparency principle of limited company is required to increase the confidence, support, and participation of stakeholders or all parties concerned with the company. Function and authority of company organ needs to be done in a transparent manner to achieve Good Corporate Governance. This study was a sociojuridical research, in the field of civil law, particularly with regard to corporate law. The populations of this study are directors, shareholders, commissioner, consumers in the form of a limited company in South Sulawesi province. The samples are part of population and it determined by purposive technique. The results shows that basic concepts of transparency were an attitude or action of the company to disclose entire business and information material about the effects that can affect the decisions of investors or other stakeholders. Information disclosure is determined by three factors: clear, accurate, and timely. These third determines the quality of information presented by the company. The level of transparency tends to be higher in term of nonfinancial information, but instead tend to be closed when it comes to financial information, particularly on the closed company or not a public company.

Perkembangan hukum antariksa nasional dan tindak lanjut yang harus dilakukan merupakan hasil kajian terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier melalui studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, teridentifikasi bahwa perkembangan hukum antariksa nasional menunjukkan arah yang menggembirakan yaitu dengan telah diundangkankannya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2013 Tentang Keantariksaan serta telah dibentuknya Rencana Induk Penyelenggaraan Keantariksaan 2016-2040 yang terdapat di dalam Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45 Tahun 2017. Upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam membangun hukum antariksa nasional dilakukan dengan mengambil dua cara yaitu: (i) melakukan transformasi dan adopsi spesifik perjanjian internasional keantariksaan melalui instrument pengesahan (ratifikasi); dan (ii) pembentukan kaidah hukum baru yang sejalan dengan prinsip pemanfaatan antariksa untuk maksud damai, dengan tetap mengedepankan pertimbangan waktu dan kebutuhan serta diarahkan pada pembangun hukum antariksa nasional yang berdimensi public dan perdata untuk mengantisipasi potensi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penyelenggaraan keantariksaan.

The issue of trade and environment is always debatable. Degradation and damaging to the environment surge the countries in making comprehensive and multi-approach planning. This is based on the view that trade should not only count for profit but also carry out calculations and planning for the impacts and conditions when the business is carried out and after completion. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the environment causes trade not to be carried out and to end economic growth and there is a solution to balance the environment and trade as prevention in both fields through environmental protection legal instruments. The first issue showed that trade that used to be a source of income that is the main target of countries, nevertheless, the unwise planning and also corrupt cases has made the trade become the trigger for environmental damage. This condition caused by a lack of awareness in law enforcement and even various corruption issues causing trade to become a threat, especially for the environment. The second issue arises, which is the mechanism in balancing trade and the environment to preserve the environment and encourage the country's economic growth by optimizing the implementation of environmental protection laws. This paper uses normative legal research methods by collecting data derived from the literature, legislation, articles, and cases that occur within countries. The result shows that more states and stakeholder using more technique on achieving a balance of trade and environment protection, with a pro-environment calculation, it is expected that trade will be carried out in parallel with environmental preservation.