No abstract

No abstract

A study was initiated to investigate a fast and reliable method for the determination of selected systemic insecticides in water matrixes and to evaluate potential sources of bias in their analysis. Acetamiprid, clothianidin, desnitro-imidacloprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam were amenable to analysis via on-line sample enrichment hyphenated to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The selection of on-line solid-phase extraction parameters was dictated by a multicriterion desirability approach. A 2-mL on-line injection volume with a 1500 μL min loading flow rate met the objectives sought in terms of chromatographic requirements, extraction efficiency, sensitivity, and precision. A total analysis time of 8 min per sample was obtained with method limits of detection in the range of 0.1-5 ng L for the scope of targeted analytes. Automation at the sample concentration step yielded intraday and interday precisions in the range of 1-23 and 2-26%, respectively. Factors that could affect the whole method accuracy were further evaluated in matrix-specific experiments. The impact of the initial filtration step on analyte recovery was evaluated in ultra-pure water, tap water, and surface water. Out of the nine membranes tested, glass fiber filters and polyester filters appeared as the most appropriate materials. Sample storage stability was also investigated across the three matrix types; the targeted analytes displayed suitable stability during 28 days at either 4 °C or - 20 °C, with little deviations (± 10%) with respect to the initial T concentration. Method applicability was demonstrated in a range of tap water and surface water samples from the province of Québec, Canada. Results from the present survey indicated a predominance of thiamethoxam (< 0.5-10 and 3-61 ng L in tap water and river water, respectively), clothianidin (< 0.5-6 and 2-88 ng L in tap water and river water, respectively), and imidacloprid (< 0.1-1 and 0.8-38 ng L in tap water and river water, respectively) among the targeted analytes. Graphical abstract ᅟ Development of solid-phase extraction coupled on-line to UHPLC-MS/MS for the rapid screening of systemic insecticides in water.

No abstract

A gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-based plasmonic tongue is shown to correlate well with the emergence of flavor defects in the late season harvest of maple syrup, validated with a representative sampling of 29 304 maple syrups of different grades. The daily average temperatures, pH, transmittance, °Brix, and total and individual amino acid concentrations provided evidence that the plasmonic tongue responds to amino acid concentrations, which is then correlated to an off-flavor index. The amino acid to sugar ratio decreased significantly in syrup compared to sap, a result of their consumption in the Maillard reaction during the boiling process. An ordinal mixed-effect model was shown to accurately predict the amino acid concentrations and the most likely grading class of maple syrup from the plasmonic tongue's response. Taken together, the plasmonic tongue with the mathematical model could serve as a predictor of the output quality of maple syrup from maple sap at the production site.