Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Liquid biopsy (LB) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that allows the analysis of biomarkers in different body fluids, particularly in peripheral blood and also in urine, saliva, nipple discharge, volatile respiratory fluids, nasal secretions, breast milk, and tears. The objective was to analyze the available evidence related to the use of biomarkers obtained by LB for the early diagnosis of BC. Methods: Articles related to the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of BC due to LB, published between 2010 and 2022, from the databases (WoS, EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS) were included. The MInCir diagnostic scale was applied in the articles to determine their methodological quality (MQ). Descriptive statistics were used, as well as determination of weighted averages of each variable, to analyze the extracted data. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values for specific biomarkers (individual or in panels) are described. Results: In this systematic review (SR), 136 articles met the selection criteria, representing 17 709 patients with BC. However, 95.6% were case-control studies. In 96.3% of cases, LB was performed in peripheral blood samples. Most of the articles were based on microRNA (miRNA) analysis. The mean MQ score was 25/45 points. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values for specific biomarkers (individual or in panels) have been found. Conclusions: The determination of biomarkers through LB is a useful mechanism for the diagnosis of BC. The analysis of miRNA in peripheral blood is the most studied methodology. Our results indicate that LB has a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of BC, especially in early stages.
Las técnicas de sacrificio empleadas tradicionalmente en la industria pesquera provocan niveles altos de estrés en los peces debido a la violencia del proceso. Esta condición influye en la calidad de su carne. Con estos antecedentes, se identifica la técnica de sacrificio más adecuada para preparaciones culinarias mediante una evaluación sensorial para los atributos de olor, sabor y textura que permita potenciar esa calidad. Según las referencias recopiladas de carácter empírico, la técnica Ikejime, de origen japonés, es la más idónea para sacrificar peces. Las características gastronómicas de la carne de los que fueron pescados por este medio son superiores respecto a los que no. Las pruebas realizadas comprobaron dichas aseveraciones.
Los sistemas de información sanitaria son fundamentales para el conocimiento y análisis del estado de salud individual y colectivo, así como para la evaluación de las funciones de los sistemas de salud; basados en el desarrollo de las historias clínicas, los expedientes clínicos permiten el acceso a dicha información. El Conjunto Mínimo de Datos (CMD), es un conjunto esencial de elementos potencialmente disponibles sobre entidades específicas, constituye un extracto de información administrativa, clínica y quirúrgica estandarizados, recogidos a partir del informe de alta o la historia clínica, siendo un paso preliminar en la gestión de información sobre enfermedades que se traduce en la mejora de la calidad de la atención y el control de las enfermedades, así como en la posibilidad para emprender investigaciones.El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio referente al uso del CMD en cirugía, que consideró los mecanismos de aplicación, sus fortalezas y debilidades.
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