In patients undergoing supratentorial tumor resection, goal-directed HES therapy was not superior to goal-directed LR therapy for brain relaxation or cerebral metabolism, although less fluid was needed to maintain the target SVV in the HES-based group than in the LR-based group.

Impending paradoxical embolism (IPDE) is the presence of a thrombus in the patent foramen ovale. Usually, IPDE is diagnosed by echocardiography or a multislice computed tomography scan and is performed during the evaluation of a patient presenting with suspected pulmonary embolism. We report 2 patients who presented with IPDE and were successfully treated with cardiac surgery and thrombolytic therapy. Thus, we focus our discussion on the diagnosis and treatment modalities of this rare entity.

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334mandatory. 4 We report a case report of a young man with a coronary artery fistula that resulted in the dissecting of IVS with pseudoaneurysm. He has underwent surgical ligation of coronary artery fistula and ventricular septal volume reduction. The postoperative course is uneventful.