Improved patient selection and selective intraoperative femoral vein tapering eliminated remedial procedures to correct ischemia in patients undergoing tFV access. Patency rates were excellent despite the liberal use of vein tapering. Transposed FV access should be considered for good risk individuals undergoing their first lower extremity access.

A case of atherosclerotic aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery in a 31-year-old woman is reported. The lesion was excised after distal and proximal ligation of the vessel. Review of the literature showed that atraumatic extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm unrelated to systemic illness is rare. Analysis of the reported cases of such lesions disclosed only one comparable case in a 73-year-old man.

A case of atherosclerotic aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery in a 31-year-old woman is reported. The lesion was excised after distal and proximal ligation of the vessel. Review of the literature showed that atraumatic extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm unrelated to systemic illness is rare. Analysis of the reported cases of such lesions disclosed only one comparable case in a 73-year-old man.

Bypass grafting to the midpopliteal artery with a combined anterior and posterior approach offers a safe and effective option to below-knee bypass grafting when an above-knee bypass grafting is not feasible. Compared with the medial infragenicular incision, the posterior incision results in reduced morbidity rates, rapid mobilization, and early hospital discharge.