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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate α-amylase inhibitory effects of hydroethanolic extracts of bark from Daniella oliveri, Sclerocarya birrea, Maranthes polyandra, and Pteleopsis suberosa to fight type-II diabetes. Methods: Compound extractions were performed by hydroethanol maceration followed by liquid-liquid fractionation with solvents. TLC profiling was carried out with different fractions. The inhibitory effects of plant extracts on α-amylase activity were determined using rice starch as a substrate. Results: TLC profiling of different fractions showed different phytochemical compounds. The hydroethanolic plant extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase. D. oliveri displayed competitive inhibition, M. polyandra and S. birrea showed uncompetitive inhibition and Pteleopsis suberosa exerted mixed-inhibition. M. polyandra extract exerted the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.5 mg/mL). Conclusions: The barks of M. polyandra exhibit a remarkable α-amylase inhibitory effect which can be a novel source of antidiabetic molecules.

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The misuse of pesticides and their overdose on vegetables has an impact on people's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cultivation and phytosanitary practices of tomato growers at the Loumbila and Ouahigouya vegetable growing sites. A survey on cultural and phytosanitary practices was carried out among 25 tomato producers at these two market gardening sites. Results show that 16% of producers use dams and 80% traditional wells as a source of water supply. The inputs used are mainly organic (cow's mouth, household waste) and chemical (NPK, urea) fertilizer. The frequency of use of chemical fertilizer is once a week at the Loumbila site and only once a month in the Ouahigouya site. All the producers surveyed used pesticides and 67% do not respect the deadlines for indicated on the packaging labels. A total of 16 pesticides (insecticides, fungicides) are used during tomato production. Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin from the pyrethroid family and acetamiprid from the Neonicotinoid family were the most used by producers. Most of these pesticides are not intended for vegetable crops but rather for cotton crops. The pesticides used may remain in the tomato in significant amounts and pose a threat to consumers.