<p class="Default"> </p><p> La creciente población urbana mundial, aumenta la demanda de recursos naturales para sostener la calidad de vida de la población humana, esto genera impactos negativos sobre los ecosistemas naturales y la supervivencia de especies para mantener servicios ambientales. Por este motivo, es necesario, medir el estado de las ciudades como sistemas ecológicos, con el fin, de priorizar la gestión ambiental, acorde al desarrollo sostenible. Para esto, existen metodologías de valoración crematísticas, basadas en el valor del dinero, que excluye el trabajo de la naturaleza para ofrecer servicios ambientales que promueven sostenibilidad ambiental. Este estudio, investigó modelos que permiten una contabilidad ambiental, que integre ecosistemas naturales y urbanos, hallándose en la síntesis emergética, la propuesta más novedosa, basada en los conceptos de la termodinámica. Tomó como zona de estudio, al municipio de Palmira, definido como Tecnoecosistema, aplicando una metodología de cinco fases, basada en el método de la síntesis emergética. Calculándose el índice de producción de emergía – EYR con 1,46, Índice de carga ambiental – ELR con 3,2 e Índice de sostenibilidad ambiental – ESI con 0,46. El análisis indica, que la sostenibilidad ambiental y la generación de riqueza real, están limitada por el actual uso del suelo, y puede mejorarse, con mejor aprovechamiento de este recurso, esto, sería una gestión transversal. Además, el Tecnoecosistema está sujeto al metabolismo social de la ciudad de Cali, por tanto, la demanda de bienes importados y uso del suelo urbano aumentará, afianzando la necesidad de gestión de políticas ambientales y proponer al municipio como Ciudad Emergente.</p>
Coffee crop management is guided by an approach of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers application in order to guarantee high production rates; however, this type of management increases soil degradation. A study was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of changing soil nutritional management from Chemical (NPK) to Organic (Farmyard Manure-FYM), and from Chemical (NPK) to Mixed (NPK + FYM) regarding soil quality properties and mineral nitrogen available in coffee agroecosystems; a multi-spatial analysis was carried out considering a unifactorial design; soil samples were taken from depths between 0.10 and 0.20 m in 42 plots; physical and chemical variables were measured (ammonium, nitrates, pH, organic matter, moisture, bulk density and texture). It was found that Chemical Management affects the physical and chemical properties of soil quality (organic matter, humidity, bulk density, and pH), resulting in significant differences (p < 0.05) comparing to Mixed and Organic Management. The lowest level of organic matter was found under chemical management, being of 3% and increasing up to 4.41% under mixed management. Mineral nitrogen availability in the form of ammonium, was not affected by nutritional management. A higher concentration of nitrate was found under Mixed Management (105.02 mg NO3 kg−1), presenting significant differences (p < 0.05) against Chemical and Organic. There was no significant difference between Organic and Chemical Management. The study allowed us to determine that, through coffee organic nutritional management, it is possible to keep suitable soil quality conditions in order to reduce soil degradation, and to keep mineral nitrogen available for the development of coffee plants.
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