Introduction: Infection H. pylori causes inflammation through various pathways to induce proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. The transcription factor NF-kB is a crucial regulator of the immune response and inflammation and regulates many cellular processes that are important in carcinogenesis, including transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Antiinflammatory plant C. trifolia L was shown to inhibit the activity of NF-B and several pro-inflammatory cytokine mediators. This study proved that the active compound from the plant's leaves, C. trifolia L has potential as an inhibitor of NF-B and TNF-α. Method: This study used a docking method with a grid box mimicking the bond between the receptor and the inhibitor control complex. Results: The bioactivity of Cayratria trifolia compounds as anti-inflammatory was shown in the inflammation parameters used, namely Interleukin 10 agonist, Interleukin agonist, Interleukin antagonist, Interleukin 6 antagonist, Interleukin 4 antagonist, Interleukin 2 agonist, Interleukin 1 antagonist, Interleukin 1b antagonist, Interleukin 10 antagonist, Interleukin 12 agonist, and Interleukin 1a antagonist. Interleukin 2 agonists showed the highest activity of all compounds. Piceid compounds showed high anti-inflammatory activity with interleukin 10 agonists, interleukin agonists, interleukin 6 antagonists, and interleukin 2 agonists. The compounds stilbenes, piceid, resveratrol, cyclopentadecane, and hentriacontane showed potency higher interleukin-6 inhibition than the other 22 compounds. These five compounds were continued for molecular docking analysis. The low bond energy is correlated with the number of bonds and the variety of interactions. The higher the number of bonds and the type of interaction, the lower the bond energy. The lower the bond energy, the stronger the interaction between the ligand and protein. Conclusion:Based on the prediction of anti-inflammatory bioactivity, five potential compounds were identified, namely cyclopentadecane, resveratrol, stilbenes, piceid, and hentriacontane. The five compounds bind to NFkB on the active site of the binding site with DNA, and this inhibition causes DNA to be unable to restrain NFkB transcription factors, and transcription does not occur. This proves that the active compound from the leaves of the plant C. trifolia L has potential as an inhibitor of NF-κB compounds. Inhibition of 6 compounds on TNF at the TNF receptor proves that the active compound from the leaves of the plant C. trifolia L has potential as a TNF-α inhibitor compound. The active ingredient Piceid exhibits predominant anti-inflammatory potential with lower binding energy and stronger interactions than other complexes.

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has infected one-third of all human populations around the world, so it has been a global problem. Smoking is one of the risk factors that cause a high mortality rate in TB sufferers. Aim of study: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking behaviur and the incidence of Pulmonary TB in the Kenjeran’s Primary Health Center 2017-2018. Method: This study is observative analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were Pulmonary TB in the medical record of the Kenjeran Health Center in 2017-2018. The sample was taken based on the purposive sampling method. 71 people were suffered from pulmonary TB obtained as samples. Results and Discussions: The results of the statistical analytic stated that there was no significant correlation between smoking and the incidence of pulmonary TB, the p-value was 0,601 found in the data analysis (p > 0,05). From 71 respondents, 56 respondents (80,3%) were BTA + patients and 15 respondents (19,7%) were BTA - patients. Based on smoking behavior, there were 56 respondents (78,9%) non-smokers. Based on most sexes, 50 respondents were male. Based on the age group, most of them were in the 17-35 years, amounting to 44 respondents (62%). Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is that there is no relationship between smoking behavior and the incidence of pulmonary TB in the Kenjeran Primary Health Center in 2017-2018.

Background: Intermittent fasting is done with one day of fasting and one day of eating as usual so that it can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis and tissue damage which will reduce degenerative diseases. Fasting can activate SIRT1 and SIRT3 to prevent apoptosis by decreasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore component. The accumulation of free radicals is one of the mechanisms that play a role in liver damage so that the SGOT enzyme present in the liver cells will leave and enter the blood circulation, so that the number of these enzymes in the blood increases. Objective : To prove that there was a decrease in the levels of SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) in male white rats (Ratus norvegicus) of the wistar strain which were fasted intermittently by the Daud fasting method after being induced by Paracetamol. Method : The research design used is a laboratory experimental research type where the method used is randomized the post only control group design. The experimental animals used were white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain 2-3 months old with an initial body weight of 150-200gr as many as 32 tails. During the fasting treatment, the research subjects were not given diet and drinking, while the non-fasting subjects were given a standard diet and drank regularly were divided into four groups, namely negative control with a water probe that was filtered for 10 days and 1ml of 1% CMC-Na, positive control with a probe. filtered water for 10 days and induction of paracetamol 400mg/kgBW, treatment 1 with standard diet and induction of paracetamol and treatment 2 with intermittent fasting and induction of paracetamol. Results: The results of this study indicate that One-Way ANOVA test obtained p value = 0.384. (p > 0.05) then H0 was accepted, there was no significant difference between the SGOT levels of the experimental animal group that was given a standard diet, the experimental animal group that was given intermittent fasting, the experimental animal group that was given a standard diet and paracetamol and the experimental animal group that was given intermittent fasting and paracetamol treatment. Conclusion:  There is no effect of intermittent fasting with the Dawood fasting method on decreasing SGOT levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain induced by paracetamol. Keywords: intermittent fasting, SGOT, paracetamol

At the end of 2019, a mysterious outbreak appeared, forming an atypical pneumonia suspected of originating from an animal market in Wuhan China. The outbreak is a new type of coronavirus which is named as COVID-19 disease (2019 -nCoV, Novel Coronavirus). COVID 19 disease is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, namely the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which emerged in Wuhan, China. Vaccines and antiviral drugs have not been found, meanwhile COVID-19 are prevented by using nonpharmacological interventions, one of the actions taken by several countries is to create policy protocols such as lockdowns.The results of this study indicate that lockdown is effective in reducing the spread of COVID -19, it can be seen from the significant decrease in R0 and Rt, <1 in several countries after lockdown such as UK 0.99 (0.96-1.02), Italy 0.89 (0.87-0.91), French 0.76 (0.72-0.82) and Spain 0.74 (0.71-0.78) which means that someone who is infected cannot infect other people and the disease will die (disappear). The value of Rt also shows a consistent decline Rt to <1 (0.88) after 2 weeks of lockdown in Italy.The conclusion from this literature show that lockdowns can reduce the spread of COVID-19 which is shown by the number of incidents before and after the lockdown which has decreased to zero cases in China. The decline in cases also occurred in Europe although at the beginning of the lockdown it was not significant but it was increasingly effective and continued to be significant after the lockdown was imposed.