Background This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous SOD administration on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway by examining the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), caspase-3, and apoptosis index of the PC-3 cell line. Methods We used the prostate cancer cells from secondary prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3) derived from castration refractory prostate cancer (CRPC), cell differentiation grade IV, and had metastasized to the bone from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is derived from extracts of melon seeds and wheat gliadin biopolymer, and divided into 62.5 mg/mL, 83 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, and 250 mg/mL doses. Expression of MnSOD was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression of caspase-3 was measured using Western Blot method. Apoptotic index is calculated based on the reaction introduction 3OH end of fragmentation of DNA by the enzyme terminal transferase in preparations with TUNEL staining reagents. A one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation test were used to determine the relationship between SOD with expression of caspase-3 and apoptotic index. Results SOD extract significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 ( P =0.016) and the apoptotic index ( P =0.000) ( P <0.05). There was a correlation between the increased doses of SOD extract and the apoptosis index ( P =0.015; r=0.679) and between the increased caspase-3 expression and the apoptosis index ( P =0.015; r=0.682). Conclusion Administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased apoptosis in a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) through the increased expression of caspase-3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can be considered as a therapy for late-stage prostate cancer that had been progressed to hormone resistant and metastasized and promote apoptosis in those prostate cancer cells.

Extrarenal Wilms' tumor (EWRT) is a rare entity, but primary bladder Wilm's tumor is even rarer with only 1 case reported. A 1-year old boy came with chronic urinary retention. Abdominal pelvic CT scan revealed intravesical mass arising from anterior bladder wall extending to the prostate and bladder neck. Initial cystoscopic diagnosis revealed chronic granuloma. We decided to perform partial cystectomy with final pathologic result of bladder Wilms' tumor. EWRT may occur in various organs, but primary bladder Wilms' tumor is extremely rare case.

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Summary: Paraffinoma of the penis is rare and caused by paraffin liquid injection. This condition can cause significant penile deformity, ulceration, pain, and sexual dysfunction. However, it can be managed with surgical procedures to obtain normal aesthetic and functional results. Herein, we reported a 42-year-old male with penile paraffinoma who underwent excessive surgical excision of the fibrotic tissue and one-stage reconstruction using a spiral stitch full-thickness skin graft. At one year of follow-up it showed a good aesthetic outcome with no hypertrophic scars, skin contractures, penile curvature, or penile shortening. The sexual evaluation using the International Index of Erectile Function instrument also showed a good result with normal erectile function and satisfaction with sexual sensation. This case is interesting because we used the spiral stitch full-thickness skin graft technique to cover the degloving area and long-term follow-up to evaluate the aesthetic and functional results.

Sepsis-associated overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) during pathogen infection leads to overwhelming oxidative stress, which has been recognized as a primary contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, antioxidant therapy has been widely explored in order to find an effective treatment for sepsis-related AKI, in particular by using endogenous antioxidant – superoxide dismutase (SOD). We assessed the effect of oral SOD on the alteration of AKI biomarkers (creatinine and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin – NGAL) in endotoxin-induced septic murine. The animals were assigned as a healthy control, a septic control, and three treatment groups (250, 500, and 1000 IU oral SOD). Treatment of SOD was carried out by force-feeding for 16 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The sepsis was assessed using the murine sepsis score (MSS) after 12 hours post-LPS injection, where the changes in plasma SOD, ROS, NO, creatinine, and NGAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During sepsis, SOD was significantly decreased from its baseline level while other biomarkers were significantly increased (p<0.05) – except for NGAL. MSS exhibited a declining trend in SOD dosage-dependent manner, and was significantly different with that of septic control group at SOD dosage of 1000 IU (p<0.05). SOD treatment with a dosage as low as 250 IU could prevent the abnormal expression of the tested biomarkers during sepsis. There were significant reduction of plasma ROS, NO, creatine and NGAL in rats treated with 1000 IU SOD. Our study suggests the protective effect of SOD against sepsis-induced AKI by scavenging ROS and NO. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-06 Full Text: PDF