In recently introduced devices for clinical use, the total blood-exposed non-intimal surface area ranges from 4.3 to 80 mm(2) compared with 1.3 mm(2) in sutured anastomoses. The blood-exposed non-intimal surface area depends on anastomotic orifice size, wall thickness, and bonding components' location and size. Deforming the coronary wall to most of the 0 blood-exposed non-intimal surface anastomosis configurations leads to dangerously high stress concentrations in the coronary arteriotomy corners.

No abstract

The hybrid coronary anastomosis technique was feasible without any need for dedicated application tools. If technical improvements can be realized, the hybrid technique may provide an alternative to manual suturing.