Background and Aims: Lipid peroxidation end products are the major culprit for inducing chronic diseases in elderly people. Along with the elevated level of lipid peroxide biomarkers, there is a significant disruption of antioxidants balance, which combinedly propagate the diseases of elderly people. The aim of the present review is to bridge the connection of changes in lipid peroxides biomarkers and antioxidants level with age-associated diseases in elderly people.Methods: This narrative review was performed following a comprehensive search for suitable articles in multiple online databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect using selected search terms. The most appropriate literature was included based on the selection criteria.Results: From the review, it is found that many age-related diseases propagated with an increased level of the end products of lipid peroxide and reduced levels of antioxidants in elderly people. When the end products of lipid peroxidation increase in the body, it creates oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to many complicated diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular and neurogenic diseases, and many other chronic inflammatory diseases. The oxidative stress induced by peroxidation can be assessed by different lipid peroxide end products such as malondialdehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, lipoperoxides, oxysterols (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol), and many more.Conclusions: This study definitively answers the correlation between the changes in lipid peroxides and antioxidants level and age-related diseases. Our narrative article recommends future investigations for elucidating the mechanisms rigorously to establish a compact correlation.

Urbanization and regional development are closely associated. Allocation of higher and lower order facilities and specialization of business influence urban growth which diffuses its benefits to the surrounding countryside. Subsequently, socio-economic development of the region comes into being. The continuous increase of urban size can not be sustained rather declining growth will certainly set in long run. Optimum level of its growth depends on the capacity of an urban centre to provide required facilities to the people in fair manner. Hierarchical growth of urban centres in association with location of civic amenities induces regional development in hierarchical dimension which is the common problem in developing economy. Subsequently, few of the urban centres are having large number of facilities while others are lacking corresponding to their population size. Formulation of pragmatic planning model is the rescue of wiping out such problems. It is an attempt to analyze the hierarchical growth of urban centres associated with their functional potentiality and diffusion of urban developmental impulses to the surrounding rural part. Further, it proposes a model for developing economy like India to solve the problem of regional variations of development. Besides, it examines the adequacy and inadequacy of facilities in the urban centres and puts forward planning recommendations, so that a balanced regional development would be achieved by not leaving any rural part out of the zone of functional influence of urban centre.

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