Occupant needs with regard to residential buildings are not well known due to a lack of representative scientific studies. To improve the lack of data, a large-scale study was carried out using a Post Occupancy Evaluation of 1416 building occupants. Several criteria describing the needs of occupants were evaluated with regard to their subjective level of relevance. Additionally, we investigated the degree to which deficiencies subjectively exist, and the degree to which occupants were able to accept them. From the data obtained, a hierarchy of criteria was created. It was found that building occupants ranked the physiological needs of air quality and thermal comfort the highest. Health hazards such as mould and contaminated building materials were unacceptable for occupants, while other deficiencies were more likely to be tolerated. Occupant satisfaction was also investigated. We found that most occupants can be classified as satisfied, although some differences do exist between different populations. To explain the relationship between the constructs of what we call relevance, acceptance, deficiency and satisfaction, we then created an explanatory model. Using correlation and regression analysis, the validity of the model was then confirmed by applying the collected data. The results of the study are both relevant in shaping further research and in providing guidance on how to maximize tenant satisfaction in real estate management.

Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Wohnumfeld ist von großer Bedeutung für das gesamte Wohlbefinden des Menschen. Zur Untersuchung der Nutzeranforderungen an Wohngebäude wurden 11 Kriterien des nutzerorientierten Bauens identifiziert. Die Wichtigkeit jedes einzelnen Kriteriums aus Sicht des Nutzers wurde anschließend in einer umfangreichen Befragung ermittelt. Zur Erhebung der Daten wurde eine so genannte Post Occupancy Evaluation durchgeführt. Die Repräsentativität der Studie mit insgesamt 1416 Teilnehmern konnte nachgewiesen werden. Aus den ermittelten Daten konnte eine Rangordnung der Kriterien abgeleitet werden. Des Weiteren wurden die Akzeptanz und Beeinträchtigung von Mängeln bezüglich dieser Kriterien sowie die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer abgefragt. Zur Erklärung der Zusammenhänge zwischen den erhobenen Konstrukten Wichtigkeit, Akzeptanz, Beeinträchtigung und Zufriedenheit wurde ein Erklärungsmodell aufgestellt. Dieses konnte mittels Korrelations‐ und Regressionsanalyse basierend auf den erhobenen Daten bestätigt werden.Results from a large scale study on user requirements for residential buildings. In relation to human needs, 11 criteria defining user‐oriented construction were identified in a first study. The importance of each criterion from the perspective of the user was then investigated with a comprehensive survey. In order to collect the data, a post‐occupancy evaluation was conducted. The representativeness of the study with a total of 1,416 participants could be detected. From the data obtained, a hierarchy of the criteria was derived. Furthermore, the acceptance and impairment of deficiencies regarding these criteria as well as the satisfaction of the users were queried. To explain the relationship between the constructs importance, acceptance, impairment and satisfaction, an explanatory model has been constructed. By dint of correlation and regression analysis, the model was confirmed based on the data collected.

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