The development of the printing industry requires the creation of such machines, which must provide high requirements for the parameters of their reliability and, above all, to high wear resistance, durability and maintainability. The speeds of the working bodies are constantly increasing when the parts' rotational speeds of the friction pairs reach the level of 800−1000 rpm and above, and the load increases to 5.0 -7.0 MPa. This leads to the appearance of friction temperatures from 300 to 500°C on the working surfaces, which creates extreme conditions for the operation of printing machines [550][551][552][553][554][555][556][557]. Such conditions require special approaches to ensure the reliability of printing equipment and increase its maintainability.So, according to the data of the largest in Ukraine State Publishing House "Press of Ukraine", the service life of sliding bearings made of cast bronze BrAZh9-4 is only 0.5−1.0 years in the friction units of printing machines KBA Rapida -105, "PLAMAG Rondest RO 170", "STAR BINDER 1509", etc., which operate at high speeds and increased loads. Such service life is associated with the imperfection of existing technologies for the manufacture of plain bearings and their subsequent finishing [550][551][552][553][554][555][556][557].Requirements for friction parts' surfaces high quality are constantly increasing.These are due to the continuous increase in important operating parameters of printing equipment and, above all, lengthen of parts service life, mechanisms and machines in general.Recently, new bearing composite materials based on grinding waste of alloyed tool steels 7HG2VMF, 86H6NFT and others with CaF 2 solid lubricant additives were synthesized to significantly increase the service life of friction units in rotary printing machines [552, 553]. These are metal grinding wastes of machine-building and toolmaking industries, which are taken to the dump because of their abrasive contamination and are not used in the repeated cycle of production. Such specified waste contains a significant number of valuable alloying elements, such as W,

The study is devoted to the peculiarities of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises under Industry 4.0 conditions. The article generalizes the scientific approaches to the definition of factors of enterprises' competitiveness. The paper summarizes the main trends and challenges for enhancing the competitiveness of an enterprise in terms of Industry 4.0. Authors clarify the key components and factors of competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in Industry 4.0 environment, among which there are highlighted an ability to involve, use and develop informational resources, an ability to improve the available technology, to change or develop the main technology of production, to use new methods for automated quality control, implementing Internet of Things concept. The article summarizes that the key factor of the strong competitive position of small and medium-sized enterprises is their readiness to change or develop quickly the main production processes by using new methods of management and new information and production technologies.

Employees are important for the company’s success. Top management not only performs functional duties, but also makes strategic and operational decisions. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of bonus payments as a means of material motivation on the top managers’ performance. The authors of this study surveyed 147 top managers of 70 Ukrainian IT product companies using a pre-developed questionnaire. The method of pairwise comparisons was used to establish the priority forms of motivating and demotivating factors. The impact of payment of material incentives in the form of bonuses to top managers on the achievement of such performance indicators as company profit, total revenue, ROI, performance indicators of individual departments and personal performance indicators of top managers was established and confirmed. There is a 96% correlation between the amount of additional bonus payments and the motivation of top managers. The reliability of the regression model of the impact of additional bonuses on the level of motivation of top managers is 92%. The results indicate the ability of company owners to influence the motivation of top managers through the introduction of bonus payments or increasing their size. A high level of efficiency of bonuses as financial incentives to motivate top managers to achieve the established KPIs has also been established and proven. The vast majority of top managers are willing to increase the number or value of already established KPIs to receive additional bonuses. The results of the study confirm the importance and effectiveness of financial incentives for top managers.

The article considers the need to introduce various levers of economic influence and elements of sustainable production in the work of Ukrainian industrial complex as an important condition for economic growth of the company, the preservation of ecological balance and sustainable development of our State. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ways of economic harmonization of industrial companies and the search for opportunities of rational use of resources to improve their efficiency and implementation of global standards of sustainable production. Having studied the achievements of domestic scientists, certain normative acts and directions of sustainable development of the country, the authors came to the conclusion that application of economic instruments, among which tax benefits and subsidies, investment attraction, governmental support of eco-projects, financing of modernization of production process, establishment of material responsibility, stimulates industrial entrepreneurs to function on the basis of sustainable production, covering rational environmental management, regulation of ecological safety norms and indicators, the polluter pays principle, increase of energy efficiency, etc.. Such measures are encouraged at the State level by providing comprehensive support to the industrial segment of the market, but the authors emphasize that companies should be directly interested in this, because economic harmonization on the basis of sustainable production provides the economic welfare of the enterprise, allows it to become more profitable and at the same time reduce the environmental pollution caused by it. In turn, this positively affects the solution of a number of problems of economic and environmental nature, the solution of which will contribute to the sustainable development of Ukraine, in particular. The prospect of further research is the continuation of the analysis of economic harmonization as the key to positive changes in industry through the optimization of enterprises, taking into account the generally recognized standards of sustainable production to ensure sustainable development of our State.

Охарактеризовано роль та значення підприємств малого і середнього бізнесу (МСБ) в соціальному, економічному та інноваційному розвитку держави. Встановлено, що головною проблемою сектора МСБ є проблема його фінансового забезпечення. Зазначається, що МСБ має значно менше внутрішніх можливостей для розширеного зростання, порівняно з великими підприємствами, більш обмежений доступ до традиційних джерел поповнення капіталу та державних програм підтримки. На основі цього обґрунтовано необхідність пошуку і залучення альтернативних форм фінансування. Визначено переваги та перспективи використання таких прогресивних форм фінансування бізнесів й проектів, як краундфандинг, лізинг і фінансові ресурси бізнес-ангелів. На основі проведеного аналізу та з урахуванням наявних проблем, запропоновано комплекс заходів посилення позитивного впливу альтернативних джерел фінансування бізнесу на процеси реальних перетворень в Україні.