Se ha documentado la presencia de cashmere en los vellones de cabras Criolla Neuquina en el norte de la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina . El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la cantidad y la calidad de la fibra cosechada en cabras criolla Neuquina según la época de esquila (preparto o posparto). El estudio se realizó en cuatro sitios (Curaco, Manzano Amargo, Cura Mallín y Loncovaca) del norte neuquino. En cada sitio se esquilaron 25 cabras durante la gestación (entre los 120 y 130 días) y 25 cabras entre los 60 a 70 días posparto. Se realizaron comparaciones inferenciales entre ambas esquilas dentro de cada sitio para las variables peso de vellón (PV), peso de cashmere (PCash) y diámetro medio de cashmere (DMCash). En todos los sitios se observó que al momento de la esquila posparto entre 30 y 52 % de las cabras ya habían mudado totalmente el cashmere. La época de esquila afectó significativamente los pesos de vellón en todos los sitios, siendo mayores el PV (Curaco, p = 0.0001; Manzano Amargo, p = 0.0001; Cura Mallín, p = 0.003; Loncovaca, p = 0.029) y el PCash (Curaco, p = 0.01; Manzano Amargo, p = 0.0004; Loncovaca, p = 0.0001) cosechados en el preparto en todos los sitios, excepto en Cura Mallín. El DMCash fue más grueso en los vellones esquilados preparto en Cura Mallín (p = 0.008) y Manzano Amargo (p = 0.003). En conclusión, en el preparto se obtuvieron los pesos máximos de vellón y de cashmere.

IntroductionIn Argentina, mohair production is limited exclusively to the Patagonia region. This activity takes place under different biophysical conditions and with marked seasonality in the climatic conditions and productivity of natural grasslands. The present study aimed to analyze Angora goat performance, mohair production, and income in two contrasting environments of northern Patagonia.MethodsBody weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fleece weight (FW) and mohair samples were collected between the spring of 2019 and the autumn of 2022 on farms from the East and West regions. Fiber quality analyses included mean fiber diameter (MFD), percentage of medullated fibers (MED), and kemp fibers (KMP). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and the effects considered were region, shearing season (autumn and spring) and age. The income per shearing (IPS) was estimated based on the individual data and tender prices.ResultsIn general, the BW of goats in the East was between 15% and 25% higher than that of the goats in the West (p < 0.01), whereas the FW difference between regions reached 25% to 32% in mature adult goats (p < 0.01). The autumn MFD was similar between regions (p >0.05) and higher than the spring MFD (p < 0.05). The KMP content in the West was two-fold higher (p <0.01) than that in the East (1.21%). Regarding the effect of the season, KMP and MED contents were higher in autumn than in spring (p <0.01). The IPS values were lower in spring. The highest IPS value was obtained at the age of two permanent incisors. Results showed that 70 of the 100 best-ranked goats by IPS were from the East.Discussion and conclusionThis work offers new insights for understanding characteristics of mohair production in Argentine The results suggest that winter conditions in the West negatively impact the growth and mohair production during the spring shearing. In turn, a marked seasonality in climatic conditions and in the productivity of grasslands could explain the variability of the productive performance of goats between seasons. Efforts to improve mohair incomes should focus on producing heavier, less medullated fleeces rather than finer mohair.