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Abstract. The effect of interference laser fields on red blood cells (RBCs) was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The optical trapping and orientation of individual RBC in interference fringes were observed. It was found that RBC rouleaux undergo disaggregation under the action of interference laser fields. To describe the effect of RBC orientation in interference fringes, we used the equation for torque exerted on a discoid dielectric particle in a gradient light field. The experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of the developed theoretical model.