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SUMMARY Histories of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were ascertained, as well as smoking habits of both parents, using questionnaires answered by 3920 schoolchildren aged 10 to 20. Adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, considered as an index of repeated upper respiratory tract disease in early childhood, was very significantly related to the amount of smoking by each parent. This relationship persisted when age, sex, day nursery attendance, sibship size, and history of appendicectomy were controlled.

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