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The development of cassava starch-based biocomposites incorporated with pecan nutshells and pinhão shells by thermocompression process was evaluated. The biocomposites were characterized in terms of thickness, bulk density, hydrophilicity, water absorption capacity (WAC), morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. The samples with residues incorporation showed lower WAC when compared to the control ones, for all evaluated times. Biocomposites containing the pinhão shells showed hydrophobic character, measured by the contact angle (greater than 90°). More irregularities were evidenced by the morphological analysis for the biocomposites added with pecan nutshells. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was influenced by the high lignin content in the residues. Regarding the mechanical properties, in both tensile and flexural tests, biocomposites containing pecan nutshells presented the lowest values of stress at break and modulus of elasticity. When compared to the control sample, the composites added with the pinhão shells had mechanical similar properties, differently from the result for samples incorporated with pecan nutshells that presented less resistant.