We herein disclose how global cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutical technologies have evolved since the early 80s through a 1998 patents dataset retrieved from Derwent Innovation Index. We used text-mining techniques based on the patents semantic content to extract the knowledge contained therein, to analyze technologies related to the principal attributes of CDs: solubility, stability, and taste-masking enhancement. The majority of CDs pharmaceutical technologies are directed toward parenteral aqueous solutions. The development of oral and ocular formulations is rapidly growing, while technologies for nasal and pulmonary routes are emerging and seem to be promising. Formulations for topical, transdermal, vaginal, and rectal routes do not account for a high number of patents, but they may be hiding a great potential, representing opportunity research areas. Certainly, the progress in materials sciences, supramolecular chemistry, and nanotechnology, will influence the trend of that, apparently neglected, research. The bottom line, CDs pharmaceutical technologies are still increasing, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. Patent monitoring allows the identification of relevant technologies and trends to prioritize research, development, and investment in both, academia and industry. We expect the scope of this approach to be applied in the pharmaceutical field beyond CDs technological applications.

We present a data-driven approach to unveil the pharmaceutical technologies of cyclodextrins (CDs) by analyzing a dataset of CD pharmaceutical patents. First, we implemented network science techniques to represent CD patents as a single structure and provide a framework for unsupervised detection of keywords in the patent dataset. Guided by those keywords, we further mined the dataset to examine the patenting trends according to CD-based dosage forms. CD patents formed complex networks, evidencing the supremacy of CDs for solubility enhancement and how this has triggered cutting-edge applications based on or beyond the solubility improvement. The networks exposed the significance of CDs to formulate aqueous solutions, tablets, and powders. Additionally, they highlighted the role of CDs in formulations of anti-inflammatory drugs, cancer therapies, and antiviral strategies. Text-mining showed that the trends in CDs for aqueous solutions, tablets, and powders are going upward. Gels seem to be promising, while patches and fibers are emerging. Cyclodextrins’ potential in suspensions and emulsions is yet to be recognized and can become an opportunity area. This is the first unsupervised/supervised data-mining approach aimed at depicting a landscape of CDs to identify trending and emerging technologies and uncover opportunity areas in CD pharmaceutical research.

Objetivo Describir la percepción de violencia desde escolares de dos instituciones educativas de la localidad de Kennedy, Bogotá.Métodos Estudio cualitativo, tipo Investigación Acción Participación (IAP). Los participantes de estos grupos focales fueron elegidos de manera aleatoria, 5 estudiantes por cada curso para un total de 15 grupos focales y 75 alumnos seleccionados previo consentimiento informado de los padres y asentimiento de los estudiantes. Se tuvieron en cuenta los aspectos éticos.Resultados Participantes conformados por 61 escolares, 30 niños (49,1%) y 31 niñas (50,8%), con edades entre 5 y 12 años, de los cursos transición 10 participantes (16,3%), primero 3 estudiantes (4,9%), segundo 10 niños (16,3%), tercero 18 estudiantes (29,5%), cuarto 10 participantes (16,3%) y quinto 10 niños (16,3%). El estrato socioeconómico de los niños es 1 y 2. Los resultados se presentan en cuatro categorías: causas, problemática, consecuencias y soluciones, en las cuales emergieron 8 (ocho) subcategorías, que describen la percepción que tienen los niños de la violencia en el hogar y el colegio donde se resalta la violencia intrafamiliar física y verbal, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y abuso sexual.Conclusión Se evidenció en la población escolar de la localidad de Kennedy que la violencia es una problemática de salud pública ya establecida en los hogares y en el ámbito escolar; el origen de esta violencia se da en los hogares de los niños, por tanto, es importante construir y generar propuestas de intervención a partir de las soluciones planteadas por los mismos niños a nivel estructural y familiar.

No abstract

βCDPEG5 and βCDPEG2 are two derivatives comprising seven PEG linear chains of 5 and 2 kDa, respectively, conjugated to βCD. As βCDPEGs display different physicochemical properties than their precursors, they could also trigger distinct cellular responses. To investigate the biological behavior of βCDPEGs in comparison to their parent compounds, we performed broad toxicological assays on RAW 264.7 macrophages, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and MDCK cells. By analyzing ROS and NO2− overproduction in macrophages, we found that βCDPEGs induced a moderate stress response without affecting cell viability. Although MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were more sensitive than MDCK cells to βCDPEGs and the parent compounds, a similar pattern was observed: the effect of βCDPEG5 on cell viability and cell cycle progression was larger than that of βCDPEG2; PEG2 affected cell viability and cell cycle more than βCDPEG2; cell post-treatment recovery was favorable in all cases, and the compounds had similar behaviors regarding ROS generation. The effect on MDCK cell migration followed a similar pattern. In contrast, for osteoblasts, the interference of βCDPEG5 with cell migration was smaller than that of βCDPEG2; likewise, the effect of PEG2 was shorter than its conjugate. Overall, the covalent conjugation of βCD and PEGs, particularly to yield βCDPEG2, improved the biocompatibility profile, evidencing that a favorable biological response can be tuned through a thoughtful combination of materials. Moreover, this is the first time that an in vitro evaluation of βCD and PEG has been presented for MC3T3-E1 and MDCK cells, thus providing valuable knowledge for designing biocompatible nanomaterials constructed from βCD and PEGs.