RESUMENLa insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) es una causa frecuente de morbilidad y mortalidad en los servicios de urgencias, hospitalización y cuidado crítico, siendo la rabdomiolisis responsable del 15 % de los casos en los centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad. La rabdomiolisis consiste en daño muscular con necrosis y liberación a la circulación de componentes intracelulares, y puede tener múltiples causas. El daño renal por rabdomiolisis es multifactorial e incluye obstrucción tubular, vasoconstricción y daño oxidativo. El tratamiento principal de la IRA por rabdomiolisis es la hidratación, forzar la diuresis y evitar los fármacos nefrotóxicos. Cuando el daño es lo suficientemente grave para causar uremia, acidosis metabólica, hiperpotasemia y sobrecarga de volumen se debe recurrir a la terapia de reemplazo renal. Aunque la regla es que se recupere la función renal, estos pacientes tienen mayor riesgo futuro de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica. PALABRAS CLAVEInsuficiencia Renal Aguda; Mioglobina; Músculo Esquelético; Necrosis; Rabdomiolisis SUMMARY Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolyisisAcute renal failure is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in emergency, hospitalization and critical care services. In 15 % of cases it is due to rhabdomyolysis, in which there is breakdown of skeletal muscle with massive necrosis and leakage of muscle cell contents into the circulation. It has many different etiologies. The rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury results from the combination of several mechanisms, including tubular obstruction, vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. The most important therapeutic measures are: Aggressive repletion of fluids, forced diuresis and avoidance of exposure to nephrotoxic substances. In cases of
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