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The 100th anniversary of the first description of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria by Paul Strübing presents an opportunity to analyze the premises valid for the description of this disease in addition to an attempt at an extensive pathophysiological analysis. Strübing's two papers of 1882 were way ahead of his time, when pathophysiology was just at its beginning, particularly considering the fact that neither Marchiafava, who is still commonly credited wit the first description of this disease (1911) and its recognition as a clinical entity (1928), nor his student Micheli analyzed the PNH syndrome in pathophysiological terms as carefully as Strübing. Both of the former names were given to the disease, which is generally referred to as the Marchiafava-Micheli Anemia. William Crosby, who in 1951 in a historical review of PHN first pointed out the pioneering achievement of Strübing, suggested that it was mainly due to the lack of the right "intellectual climate" at the time that so little attention was paid to his work. Still another important aspect of the early history of PNH will be described in the present paper. The analysis of Strübing's publications leads to the conclusion that he was only able to make his important contribution to medical science because he not only had the appropriate clinical setting but also the scientific backup of the famous physiologist Leonhard Landois and his institute at the University of Greifswald, which is an excellent example of scientific progress through cooperation between a clinician and a research scientist.

Die pessimistische Prognose fÜr die Krebskrankheit, die auf Hippokrates von Kos (ca. 460-370 v. Chr.), dem BegrÜnder der wissenschaftlichen Medizin im Abendland, beruht, hat auch dazu gefÜhrt, dass die operative Behandlung eines Mammakarzinoms eher als Ultima ratio durchgefÜhrt wurde. Erst auf der Grundlage des wissenschaftlichen Aufbruchs in der Chirurgie im 16. Jh. begannen Chirurgen in Europa, fÜr die operative Behandlung von Brustkrebs verschiedene Vorgehensweisen zu entwickeln. Der franzÖsische Chirurg Bernard Peyrilhe, der auch als ein BegrÜnder der experimentellen Krebsforschung gelten kann, hat in seiner 1774 preisgekrÖnten Akademiearbeit mit seiner Forderung der Radikaloperation bei Brustkrebs die Prinzipien des chirurgischen Konzepts formuliert, das mit dem Namen des amerikanischen Chirurgen William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922) verbunden ist und lange fortwirkte.

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