A study of the temporal dynamics of iron concentrations and temperature on a faunal assemblage at the Lucky Strike vent was performed using the Tempo ecological module at the EMSO-Azores deep-sea observatory. The CHEMINI in situ analyzer was implemented on this structure to determine reactive iron concentrations in unfiltered seawater samples along with a temperature probe. Stability tests were performed on the CHEMINI analyzer before deployment (optical module, hyperbaric tests, and deepsea calibration) for long-term in situ analysis of reactive iron (six months, 2013-2014) at the Tour Eiffel active edifice. Recorded daily, the in situ standard (25 \mu mol.L {}^{-1}) showed excellent reproducibility (1.07%, n=522), confirming satisfactory analytical performance of the CHEMINI analyzer and thus validating the iron concentrations measured by the instrument. Furthermore, the analyzer proved to be reliable and robust over time. The averaged reactive iron concentration for the six-month period remained low ([Fe] =text{7.12}\pm text{2.11} \mu mol.L {}^{-1} , n=519), but showed some noticeable variations with temperature. Reactive iron concentrations and temperature were significantly correlated emphasizing reactive iron stabilization over the time of deployment. Period spectra indicated strong tidal influence and relevant frequencies of four to five days for both variables. Julien Legrand received the M.Sc. degree in electronics and communication systems from the French
Are the digital platforms that we know here to stay? Both empirical insights and theoretical works suggest digital platform stability. Digital platforms such as Airbnb, Netflix and Taobao have experienced tremendous success, and the theoretical works on modularity and multisided markets depict competitive platform landscapes as controlled by a hegemonic platform leader. However, platform history chronicles multiple cases of leadership shifts in platform ecosystems. In this paper, we coin these situations ‘platform overthrows’ and uncover the relevant strategies for both a challenger to conduct a platform overthrow and for a platform leader to resist it. To do so, we conducted an inductive protocol to reinterpret 27 already published cases of platform overthrow attempts. Our results suggest that, during a platform overthrow attempt, both players articulate functional expansion and technical genericity. Accordingly, we formulate propositions that account for the strategies at play during a platform overthrow attempt. We discuss these results regarding the digital platform literature on competition and conclude that the study of platform overthrow can yield useful insights on the future of digital platforms.
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