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A postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) is a benign lesion arising from trauma or surgery involving the midface, specifically the maxillary antrum, as a late complication. It is usually locally aggressive, and accounts for approximately 20% of the lesions seen in Japanese patients undergoing extensive maxillary sinus surgery. According to the available literature, the insertion of mucosal cells between the bony edges of a fracture or osteotomy may result in the cystic degeneration that precedes this type of lesion. The clinical and histological characteristics of a POMC are often mixed, with fibrous connective and myofibroblastic tissue in the surrounding anatomy, which could make the diagnosis difficult or misleading.

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