Melatonin is a neurohormone that controls many relevant physiological processes beyond the control of circadian rhythms. Melatonin's actions are carried out by two main types of melatonin receptors; MT and MT. These receptors are important, and not just because of the biological actions of its natural agonist; but also, because melatonin analogues can improve or antagonize their biological effect. Area covered: The following article describes the importance of melatonin as a biologically relevant molecule. It also defines the receptors for this substance, as well as the second messengers coupled to these receptors. Lastly, the article describes the amino acid residues involved in the docking process in both MT and MT melatonin receptors. Expert opinion: The biological actions of melatonin and their interpretations are becoming more relevant and therefore require the development of new pharmacological tools. Understanding the second messenger mechanisms involved in melatonin actions, as well as the characteristics of the docking of this molecule to MT and MT melatonin receptors, will permit the development of more selective agonists and antagonists which will help us to better understand this molecule as well to develop new therapeutic compounds.

Recibido: 07 de febrero de 2017 / Aceptado: 01 de junio de 2018 Resumen. Ya desde los inicios de la revolución industrial, el pauperismo en que derivó un alto porcentaje de las clases trabajadoras llamaría la atención de la Iglesia y generaría distintos discursos. Las vertientes fueron variadas, desde el corte caritativo al solidario, desde el intervencionista Iglesia-Estado al de pura conciencia. De una manera u otra, los debates generados se enmarcarían en una época presidida por un problema: la cuestión obrera, de la cual se estaban ocupando por otra parte las teorías socialistas que adquirían cada vez más protagonismo en la ideología de las clases trabajadoras. En el último tercio del siglo XIX, el Papa León XIII hizo una puesta de largo de esa preocupación vaticana por el estado de esa cuestión con una deriva del pensamiento franciscano que nunca abandonó al sacerdote y miembro de la Orden Tercera Gioacchino Pecci. Palabras clave: Catolicismo social; franciscanismo; pauperismo; cuestión obrera; mercado ético. B19, N43, Z12. [en] Leon XIII and the Franciscan tertiary: a condemnation of pauperism at the dawn of social Catholicism Abstract. From the beginning of the industrial revolution, the pauperism in which a high percentage of the working from charitable to solidary, from the Church-State interventionist to pure conscience. In one way or another, the generated discussions were taken at a time when a main problem to solve was the Labour Question, a matter that was being addressed by the socialist theories, which began to assume an important role in the ideology of the working classes. In the last third of 19 th century, Pope Leo XIII made a presentation of that Vatican concern for the state of poverty in a drift of Franciscan thought that never left Gioacchino Pecci, priest member of the Third Order .

No abstract

No abstract

This paper covers the use of depth sensors such as Microsoft Kinect and ASUS Xtion to provide a natural user interface (NUI) for controlling 3-D (three-dimensional) virtual globes such as Google Earth (including its Street View mode), Bing Maps 3D, and NASA World Wind. The paper introduces the Microsoft Kinect device, briefly describing how it works (the underlying technology by PrimeSense), as well as its market uptake and application potential beyond its original intended purpose as a home entertainment and video game controller. The different software drivers available for connecting the Kinect device to a PC (Personal Computer) are also covered, and their comparative pros and cons briefly discussed. We survey a number of approaches and application examples for controlling 3-D virtual globes using the Kinect sensor, then describe Kinoogle, a Kinect interface for natural interaction with Google Earth, developed by students at Texas A&M University. Readers interested in trying out the application on their own hardware can download a Zip archive (included with the manuscript as additional files 1, 2, &3) that contains a 'Kinnogle installation package for Windows PCs'. Finally, we discuss some usability aspects of Kinoogle and similar NUIs for controlling 3-D virtual globes (including possible future improvements), and propose a number of unique, practical 'use scenarios' where such NUIs could prove useful in navigating a 3-D virtual globe, compared to conventional mouse/3-D mouse and keyboard-based interfaces.