Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest in Central Sulawesi attacks maize crops. It was reported in 2019, known in Sigi, Donggala, Touna, Bangga, Tolitoli, Buol, and Palu City Regencies. Also, this pest is spreading rapidly by threatening maize production in Central Sulawesi. This study aims to measure the population and intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda attacks on maizes in Tulo Village, Dolo Sub-district, Sigi Regency. The study, conducted from January to March 2020, used a survey method and selected sampling. Our location takes each plot measuring 2x2 m. Population observations were carried out by collecting larvae found in the sample plants. The attack's intensity was carried out by counting the number of leaves showing symptoms of an attack on the top leaves. Calculation of the proportion of attacks was carried out by the Davis method. The results showed that the highest S. frugiperda population at the age of 14 days after planting. The intensity of S. frugiperda attack on maize was relatively high at the age of 42 days after planting, with an average attack of 65.24%. Climatic data during this period, an average of 28.76-29.43 ℃ with air influence was 71.1-72%.

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This   research   aims to determine the factors that influence farmers' decisions in using hybrid maize seeds. This research was conducted from July to August 2019 in Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted using a survey method. The determination of the research location was carried out by means of purposive sampling. based on this area the majority of the population is corn farmers. Respondents were determined using the Multistage Random Sampling method, through the following stages, determining the location, determining the farmer groups in each sample village, determining five respondents from each village, in order to obtain a total sample of 20  farmers. The results showed that the factors of age, education, land area, capital, length of farming, extension and access to production facilities together or partially did not have a significant effect on farmers' decisions to use hybrid maize seeds in Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency.

Research on the synthesis of Carbon Dots using the laser ablation method has been carried out at a time duration of 1, 2, and 3 hours (energy 60 mJ, wavelength 1064 nm and frequency 10 Hz). This research uses organic material from Tea and Toluene as the carbon solvent. The characterization method uses a UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) spectrum to measure the reflectance value and uses the Kubelka-Munk equation to determine the relationship between the absorbance coefficient parameter (s) and the scattering reflectance coefficient (k). The size and morphological characterization methods used Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Transmission Electron Microscopy, while the functional group characteristics used the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) tool. FTIR spectra show the O-H group which is a hydroxyl bond and N-H is a carboxylic acid. The results of measurement and analysis of bandgap energy at different time durations for direct transition (n=2) were 1 hour (3.62 eV, 342.49 nm), 2 hours (3.24 eV, 380.61 nm) and 3 hours (2.74, 451.82 nm). Indirect transitions (n=1/2) were 1 hour (3.17 eV, 391.02 nm), 2 hours (2.50 eV, 495.36 nm) and 3 hours (2.21 eV, 559.04).

Pemerinah melalui (i) Undang-Undang No.22 Tahun 2009 tentang lalulintas angkutan darat di jalan dan angkutan jalan (ii) Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor : KM 14 Tahun 2007 tentang kendaraan pengangkut petikemas di jalan (iii) Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor : KM 74 Tahun 1990 tentang angkutan petikemas di jalan (iv) Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Darat Nomor : AJ.306/1/15/DRPD/1992 tentang penyempurnaan petunjuk pelaksanaan angkutan petikemas di jalan (v) Surat Edaran Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Darat Nomor: SE.02/AJ.208/DRJB/2008 telah mengatur penggunaan twistlock bagi truk peti kemas. Penelitian ini menganalisa bagaimana penerapan Peraturan Menteri (PM) No. 14 Tahun 2007 tentang pengangkutan petikemas menggunakan truk petikemas dan bagaimana gambaran kelengkapan twistlock pada truk petikemas yang beroperasi di Pelabuhan Utama di wilayah timur Indonesia. Untuk mengkaji permasalahan dalam penelitian ini maka dilakukan pengolahan data hasil score capaian responden yang didasarkan pada hasil dari masing-masing indicator yaitu jumlha twistlock yang terpasang pada truk petikemas dengan formulasi rumus persentasi. Selanjutnya persyaratan perangkat pengunci peti kemas (twistlock) berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan hasil yang sangat rendah yakni hanya sebesar 29%. Kondisi ini terjadi karena 98 % pengemudi truk tidak membaca persyaratan dalam inqury form yang diberikan sehingga tidak memahami atau tidak mengetahui dengan baik persyaratan yang ditetapkan.