Abstract:A novel noise filtering algorithm based on averaging Intrinsic Mode Function (aIMF), which is a derivation of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), is proposed to remove white-Gaussian noise of foreign currency exchange rates that are nonlinear nonstationary times series signals. Noise patterns with different amplitudes and frequencies were randomly mixed into the five exchange rates. A number of filters, namely; Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Wavelet Transform (WT), Particle Filter (PF) and the averaging Intrinsic Mode Function (aIMF) algorithm were used to compare filtering and smoothing performance. The aIMF algorithm demonstrated high noise reduction among the performance of these filters.

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Background: Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are the most common and clinically serious single gene disorders. Screening by osmotic fragility (OF) test and dichlorophenol indophenols precipitation (DCIP) test have been found to be effective and low-cost approaches to identify those who are carriers especially among young population. Objective: To study the prevalence rates of abnormal of OF test and/or abnormal DCIP test among vocational students in Ubon Ratchathani province. Methods: This cross-sectional research collected data from 311 students aged 15 to 19 years in a vocational school in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. OF and DCIP tests were done after participants signed consent to join the study. Knowledge and attitude towards thalassemia and thalassemia screening was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were performed to examine the association between variables. Results: Of 311 students, 124 (39.9%) students had abnormal OF test or DCIP test or both, 72 (23.2%) students had both DCIP and OF tests positive. The final diagnosis was that 75.8% had hemoglobin E, 21.8% and 2.4% were α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia carriers respectively. Approximately, 91.4% of them considered thalassemia screening useful and necessary for premarital screening. Conclusions: High incidence of abnormal OF test and/or DCIP test was found among vocational students in Ubon Ratchathani province, showing a predominance of hemoglobin E. Most of them agreed that thalassemia screening is useful for adolescents to avoid marriage among carriers.

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