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結果 ECG および PPG 波形-- Biomedical Engineering, 8, 130-136, (1986). Physiological Measurement, 23, 85-93, (1999 .. Non-invasive measurement of cardiovascular stress responses by a photoplethysmography-built-in PC mouseAbstract Photoplethysmography (PPG) built in a PC mouse was used to determine the cardiovascular responses to emotional and physical stressors. Subjects (N=7) were asked to hold the PPG mouse during mental arithmetic test (mental stress: MSt), Valsalva test and cold pressor test (physical stress: PSt), and recovery period from the exercise (post exercise: pEx). In each protocol, PPG and ECG were simultaneously recorded. Negative peaks in the PPG (N wave) were detected as the R waves in the ECG, and N-N intervals and R-R intervals were measured respectively. As a result, there was a close correlation between the N-N intervals and the R-R intervals (coefficient of determination: R 2 = 0.962). The amplitude of N wave decreased in MSt and PSt, which to the contrary increased in pEx. These results suggest that the pulse wave is monitored and the vasoconstriction can be determined as a response to the stressors by using of the PPG mouse.

We have investigated the electromagnetic characteristics of an optical configuration consisting of two dielectric regions of the same n>1 with a thin flat gap of air/vacuum of width d between them. Based on an analytical and exact solution to Maxwell’s equations including an evanescent field in the vacuum gap, we have obtained the transmission property of a four terminal optical circuit that consists of two input lights aimed toward the gap from both sides of the dielectric regions and two output lights from the gap, where all of the four terminals have the same angle to a plane that is vertical to the boundary plane between the dielectric and the vacuum. The results show several unique possible applications of the optical circuit elements such as a variable ratio power splitter, phase to amplitude field modulator, and optical mode selector.

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Multiple‐destination telecommunication is one of the new services in circuit switching. The telephone conference service, which is already in practical use in Tokyo 03 area, is an example of such a service. This paper assumes the use of a network control data base, and proposes a routing algorithm which is required in the realization of wide‐area multiple‐destination communication by placing a large number of bifurcations (bridges) in the network. It is required that the algorithm should not only suppress the circuit utilization cost for the determined route but also should determine the route in a sufficiently short time to cope with the immediate call. Five kinds of algorithms are proposed, including the search of the “minimum‐spanning tree,” which generally is considered as the basic connection configuration for the multiple‐destination communication. The two foregoing items are used as the items for evaluation, and a connection algorithm is presented which is the optimal for the given mumber distribution and the bridge placement. It is shown as a result that there exists an algorithm which is better than the “minimum‐spanning‐tree” search algorithm.