Prospective epidemiologic studies on the association between body mass index (BMI) and bladder cancer yielded inconsistent findings. This study sought to quantitatively summarize the evidence by performing a dose-response meta-analysis on prospective cohort studies. Eligible studies were retrieved via PubMed and Embase databases, and by manual review of the references. Linear and nonlinear trend analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between BMI and bladder cancer risk. Meta-analyses on the categories of overweight and obesity were also conducted. The summary relative risk (SRR) was estimated. Heterogeneity across the studies was explored through subgroup analyses based on gender, age, year of publication, sample size, assessment of BMI, geographic location, physical activity and family history of cancer. A total of 14 prospective cohort studies involving 12,642 cases were included. Result of the dose-response analysis showed a nonlinear positive relationship between BMI and bladder cancer (SRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, P-nonlinearity =0.031), suggesting that per 5 kg/m2 increment on BMI corresponded to a 3.1 % increase of bladder cancer risk, especially BMI exceed 30kg/m2. Furthermore, significant positive association was also observed between obesity category and bladder cancer risk (SRR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.17). In summary, this dose-response meta-analysis suggests a nonlinear positive association between BMI and bladder cancer risk. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms.

Knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) significantly impact the outcome of self-management in patients with diabetes, yet the association between KAP and the combined control of the levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids in these patients remains uncertain. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to December 2016 on 3977 patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai. KAP were evaluated using the modified Chinese version of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument, Diabetes Empowerment Scale–Short Form (DES-SF), and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Clinical and biochemical measurements were performed at each sampling site. The association between KAP scores and achieving the combined target goal was assessed by multiple logistic regression. Patients having a higher score of knowledge were more likely to achieve the combined target goal. Furthermore, a turning point of knowledge score was found that the possibility of achieving the combined target goal presented a sharp increase when the knowledge score was more than 70. However, the scores of attitude and practices had no significant relations with achieving the combined target goal. Health intervention strategies, especially increasing integrated diabetes knowledge, should be targeted to patients with type 2 diabetes in communities.

As an antagonist for the WNT signal passway, dickkopf-1(DKK1) have a great important role in the occurence and development of various type cancer. The present paper performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive significance of DKK1 in cancer. To assess the relationship between the expression of DKK1 and prognostic role in human cancers, a total of 16 articals were screened from the multiple online databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, CNKI, Web of Science and Google Scholar) in our study. By using the STATA soft,pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence were used to evaluate the strength of this relationship. The meta-analysis showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter OS in cancer patients. In stratified analyzes, the higher expression of DKK1 could reduced the OS in patients with breast cancer,digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer, but not patients with the lung cancer. It also showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence in cancer patients. The present study indicate that higher expression of DKK1 predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer, digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer.

Phototherapy, which mainly includes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), is one of the most promising strategies for cancer therapeutics. Noble metal nanomaterials show great potential as phototherapy agents....

Background: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using Zephyr endobronchial valve (EBV) and intrabronchial valve (IBV) has been shown to improve lung function and exercise capacity in severe emphysema. However, changes in airway structures and whether these are related to the clinical improvements remain unclear.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients treated with BLVR. We compared changes in 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-generation bronchial structures after therapy, including wall thickness (WT), percentage of wall thickness (WT%), intraluminal area (LA), wall area (WA), and WA%. Responder and non-responder subgroup analysis according to minimum clinically important difference (MCID) which was defined as an improvement of 15% in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and 26 m in 6 min walk distance (6MWD) was conducted.Results: Of the 19 patients, 11 were treated with EBV and 8 with IBV. In ipsilateral non-target lobes, WT% decreased significantly in 3rd-generation bronchi at 1 month, 3, and 6 months, as well as their WA% at 1 month and 6 months. Non-responders, who were unable to achieve MCID, showed no consistent bronchial wall changes. And their LA of 3rd-generation bronchi decreased especially at 1 month. After BLVR, the target lobe volume decreased significantly until 12 months of follow-up. The volume of ipsilateral lobes could increase correspondingly and achieve the best improvements at 6 months. The contralateral lung volume showed slight amelioration but there was no statistical significance.Conclusions: Both airway structures and lung volumes showed changes after BLVR. The 3rd-and 4thbronchial walls tend to be thinner, which were consistent with clinical improvements. Further studies are needed to prove this conclusion and find detect potential mechanics.