The study was conducted to determine the differences of the research variables according to general characteristics of clinical nurses and to understand the factors affecting the job satisfaction of clinical nurses in Korea. Subjects were 330 clinical nurses. The results are as shown below; job stress and burnout were different according to age groups, level of education, work units, current positions, and clinical careers. For mindfulness, differences were found according to age groups, level of education, and current positions. For job satisfaction, differences were found according to age groups, level of education, work unit, current positions There was positive influence between job satisfaction and mindfulness, but both job stress and burnout were negative influences. The findings of this study implied that mindfulness had a positive impact, but job stress and burnout had a negative impact, on job satisfaction.

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The epidemic of drug abuse is a serious public health issue in the U.S. The number of overdose deaths involving prescription opioids and illicit drugs has continuously increased over the last few years. The objective of this study is to develop a geospatial model that identifies geospatial clusters in terms of socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Then, we suggest the most important features affecting heroin overdose both negatively and positively. The findings of this study may inform policymakers about strategies to mitigate the drug overdose crisis.

Background and ObjectiveaaNocturia is one of the common causes of sleep disturbance in adults, often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between nocturia and OSA, and their effects on quality of sleep in adults. MethodsaaThis study included 107 patients who visited the urology outpatient due to lower urinary tract symptoms with or without sleep-related symptoms, assessed by using either the International Prostate Symptom Score in men or the Overactive Bladder symptoms in women. Based on these questionnaires, subjects were divided into nocturia and nocturia-free groups. In addition, all subjects completed detailed sleep questionnaires including the Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ) and the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and provided details of voiding volumes and times. Night polysomnography (PSG) was performed in subjects with high risk of OSA, as indicated by the BQ.ResultsaaAmong the 107 study subjects (43 males, 64 females, mean age 59.2 ± 11.2 years), nocturia was present in 54.2% (58/107), self-reported sleep disturbance in 26.2% (28/107), and a high risk of OSA, with BQ > 10 points, was present in 29.0% (31/107) of subjects. The nocturia group had a significantly higher mean GSAQ total score than the nocturia-free group, indicating poorer sleep quality (p = 0.004). Nocturia was more frequent in patients with moderate or severe OSA than in patients with mild OSA (p = 0.006) based on PSG. ConclusionsaaNocturia was a clinically significant sleep disturbing factor, and it was more frequent in patients with more severe OSA.

Background Drug overdose is one of the top leading causes of accidental death in the U.S., largely due to the opioid epidemic. Although the opioid epidemic is a nationwide issue, it has not affected the nation uniformly. Methods We combined multiple data sources, including emergency medical service response, American Community Survey data, and health facilities datasets to analyze distributions of heroin-related overdose incidents in Cincinnati, Ohio at the census block group level. The Ripley’s K function and the local Moran’s I statistics were performed to examine geographic variation patterns in heroin-related overdose incidents within the study area. Then, conditional cluster maps were plotted to examine a relationship between heroin-related incident rates and sociodemographic characteristics of areas as well as the resources for opioid use disorder treatment. Results The global spatial analysis indicated that there was a clustered pattern of heroin-related overdose incident rates at every distance across the study area. The univariate local spatial analysis identified 7 hot spot clusters, 27 cold spot clusters, and 1 outlier cluster. Conditional cluster maps showed characteristics of neighborhoods with high heroin overdose rates, such as a higher crime rate, a high percentage of the male, a high poverty level, a lower education level, and a lower income level. The hot spots in the Southwest areas of Cincinnati had longer distances to opioid treatment programs and buprenorphine prescribing physicians than the median, while the hot spots in the South-Central areas of the city had shorter distances to those health resources. Conclusions Our study showed that the opioid epidemic disproportionately affected Cincinnati. Multi-phased spatial clustering models based on various data sources can be useful to identify areas that require more policy attention and targeted interventions to alleviate high heroin-related overdose rates.