The momentum flux ratio (MFR) significantly affects the mixing characteristics and combustion efficiency of propellants in rocket engine injectors. The spray characteristics of three gas-centered swirl-coaxial injectors used in a full-scale combustion test were investigated according to the change in the momentum flux ratio. The difference in combustion efficiency was analyzed through the comparison with combustion test results using spray visualization and quantification. The spray cross-sectional shape and droplet distribution were measured using a structured laser illumination planar imaging technique. As the swirl effect was more apparent at a low MFR, the flow rate of the liquid that was sprayed outside was high. The flow rate of the liquid sprayed around the gas injection increased with the MFR. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of each injector liquid spray was obtained using the laser shadow imaging method. The SMD decreased as the MFR of all injector types increased, and the injector with a high liquid flow rate and small SMD injected towards the gas center exhibited higher combustion efficiency than the injector with a dominant liquid spray and the large SMD at a large injection angle. The outcomes of the study could help contribute to the increase in the combustion efficiency of the full-scale staged combustion cycle engine combustor.