Cyber threats are on the increase. Authorities need to respond to growing challenges by increasing cooperation. Information sharing or information exchange in the EU level and between the countries is a main facility when the objective is to prevent hybrid threats. Intensifying relationships with private sector companies has become very important function and operating model to authorities to provide cyber-safe atmosphere. The main purpose of this study is to find out separating and combining factors concerning cyber information sharing models. The aim is also to find out nation level factors, which affect the utilization of a common Early Warning system by the ECHO stakeholders. Summary of findings: unclear allocation of responsibilities in national government departments prevents authorities from fighting together against cyber and physical threats. Cybersecurity responsibilities have been spread too widely. Operational work concerning cyber threat prevention between European public safety authorities should be more standardized, with more centralized management. When the purpose is to protect vital functions of society, public safety organizations in EU member states need proactive features in their information systems. An essential factor in information exchange is the place of registration of organizations or companies. Unclear standardization concerning cyber emergency procedures between authorities and organizations and lack of cooperation between cyber situation centres and cyber emergency response centres prevent common situational awareness.

Maritime security and surveillance have become one of the main areas in managing overall situational awareness.For example, the growing importance of maritime traffic in cross-border trade has created new pressures to develop newtechnologies for accident prevention, especially in the ports. Maritime safety is also a matter of concern for continuitymanagement. Automatic ship alarm systems, coastal radars and coastal cameras are not alone sufficient equipment to buildmaritime awareness. The Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a ship transponder system that is aglobally used tracking system, but highly vulnerable to hacking. A major maritime traffic problem arises if transponders areswitched off. Hybrid threats need coordinated hybrid responses; therefore, a cyber situational picture is also needed. Cybersituational awareness is an essential part of the management of maritime situational awareness. The lack of using real-timedata from the maritime actors affects the correct formation of the common situational picture—for example, from the siteof an accident. Cyber security is an essential factor in developing fairway navigation and all terminal (port-to-port) activities.This research will be done as a part of the SMARTER (Smart Terminals) -project that belongs to the SEA4VALUE program. Theproject aims to develop unique digitalized concepts that enhance safe transportation and reduce emissions in the port andthe terminal areas. By using the multiagent system with sensor technology, e.g., in the harbors, it is possible to gather andshare meaningful maritime security-related data. The study's primary purpose is to describe the operating environment andmake an initial analysis of system requirements for optimizing situational awareness in the area of western ports of Finland

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