A PICC catheter maintenance network was established and managed to monitor the maintenance of catheters in placed patients throughout the process, providing homogeneous PICC catheter continuity of care for patients. Model-driven thinking is an idea for simulation system development. Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a design methodology that implements model-driven thinking and is widely used in simulation system development. Based on the requirements of nursing, the data-driven model is mainly divided into interface layer and functional service layer; this study adopts MDA technology which can detach the functions of the system from the platform, based on domain knowledge, and the metamodel adopts XSD-based data model to generate the PIM model, which is stored in the model library. The results showed that the number of nurses at maintenance sites increased from 79 to 232, the PICC placement rate for oncology patients increased from 35.0% to 76.0%, the nurse maintenance operation pass rate increased from 53.9% to 88.4%, and the maintenance default rate decreased from 40.0% to 10.9%.

Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover were studied for the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses of stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C), grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon (POC), total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic carbon (TIC) for three cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. Results demonstrate that correlations between soil POC contents and δ 13 C values of the salt marsh cores were similar to those between soil organic carbon (SOC) contents and δ 13 C values of the upper soil layers of mountainous soil profiles with different altitudes. SOM of salt marsh was generally younger than 100 years, and originated mainly from topsoil erosions in catchments of the Yangtze River. Correlations of TN content with C/N ratio, POC content with TIC content and POC content with δ 13 C values for the cores suggest that turnover degrees of SOM from the salt marsh are overall low, and trends of SOM turnover are clear from the bare flat to the high tidal flat. Bare flat samples show characteristics of original sediments, with minor SOM turnover. Turnover processes of SOM have occurred and are discernable in the high and middle tidal flats, and the mixing degrees of SOM compartments with different turnover rates increase with evolution of the muddy tidal flat. The exclusive strata structure of alternate muddy laminae and silty laminae originated from dynamic depositional processes on muddy tidal flat was a great obstacle to vertical migration of dissolved materials, and SOM turnover was then constrained. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.

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