In the following position paper we introduce the use of AR HMD for remote instruction in healthcare and present the challenges our team has faced in achieving this application in two contexts: surgical telementoring and paramedic teleconsulting. After the presentation of how these challenges come to be and indications on how to address them, we argue that those who wish to pursue this area of research must be grounded in best practices from the field of CSCW integrated with technical innovations in AR interaction development. This is a truly interdisciplinary research and development area that has many challenging topics to tackle through collaborative efforts.

MicroRNA (miRNA) processing is a critical step in mature miRNA production. Its dysregulation leads to an increase in miRNA isoforms with heterogenous 5′-ends (isomiRs), which can recognize distinct target sites because of their shifted seed sequence. Although some miRNA genes display productive expression of their 5′-isomiRs in cancers, how their production is controlled and how 5′-isomiRs affect tumor progression have yet to be explored. In this study, based on integrative analyses of high-throughput sequencing data produced by our group and publicly available data, we demonstrate that primary miR-21 (pri-miR-21) is processed into the cancer-specific isomiR isomiR-21-5p | ±1, which suppresses growth hormone receptor (GHR) in liver cancer. Treatment with antagomirs against isomiR-21-5p | ±1 inhibited the in vitro tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells and allowed the recovery of GHR, whereas the introduction of isomiR-21-5p | ±1 mimics attenuated these effects. These effects were validated in a mouse model of spontaneous liver cancer. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 were predicted to bind upstream of pre-miR-21 via a poly-(U) motif and influence Drosha processing to induce the production of isomiR-21-5p | ±1. Our findings suggest an oncogenic function for the non-canonical isomiR-21-5p | ±1 in liver cancer, and its production was shown to be regulated by hnRNPC.

The introduction of Augmented Reality (AR) Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) in collaboration between remote and local workers, introduces new challenges given that camera views are now mobile. We introduce HoloMentor, an AR HMD-based collaborative system designed for remote instruction over live mobile views during physical tasks. Through Actionport, we provide a world-stabilized area where remote helpers can dynamically place a pointer and annotations on the physical environment. Through Actionpad, we provide an indirect input mechanism with an absolute position to the Actionport. We show how these innovations worked for participants engaged in a remote instructional task and how they supported effective and efficient communication. Finally, we provide the next steps for addressing AR on mobile views for remote instruction.

No abstract

Improper miRNA biogenesis produces the 5’ variants of miRNA with a shifted seed region (also called isomiRs). Although the presence of stably abundant isomiRs were repeatedly reported, it is still unclear whether the generation of isomiRs results either from the mistake of microprocessor or from the regulation by other intrinsic or extrinsic factors, and whether the isomiRs participate in critical cellular processes, particularly in cancer progress. Here, we performed both high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) from 75 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal samples (fresh frozen) of Korean HCC cohort. Combined analysis with other publicly available sequencing data, showed that although the expression signatures of isomiRs largely follow those of canonical ones, the relative abundance of some isomiRs are dynamically changed over cancer progression, forming new isomiR-target interactions. Particularly, the biogenesis of highly abundant miR-21 is dysregulated by interaction with HNRNPC to primary mir-21 during cancer progress, producing relatively more isomiR-21-5p in HCC. Introducing isomiR-21-5p mimic or antagomir against isomiR-21-5p, and the dysregulation of HNRNPC expression perturbed the relative abundance of isomiR-21-5p, leading to dysregulation of miRNA targeting on a tumor suppressor gene, GHR, and affecting cancer progress. Our study not only describes that isomiR-21-5p is an independent prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target of HCC but also presents that the production of isomiRs is tightly regulated by other extrinsic factors in cells. Citation Format: Seokju Park, Hee Doo Yang, Jwawon Seo, Seokwoo Nam, Jin-Wu Nam. Dysregulation in microprocessor processing of a primary miRNA, mir-21, leads to downregulation of a tumor suppressor, GHR, progressing hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3551.